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Silicon Integrated Dual-Mode Interferometer with Differential Outputs
The dual-mode interferometer (DMI) is an attractive alternative to Mach-Zehnder interferometers for sensor purposes, achieving sensitivities to refractive index changes close to state-of-the-art. Modern designs on silicon-on-insulator (SOI) platforms offer thermally stable and compact devices with i...
Autores principales: | , , , , , , , , |
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
Publicado: |
MDPI
2017
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Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5618043/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28906469 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/bios7030037 |
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author | Hoppe, Niklas Scheck, Pascal Sweidan, Rami Diersing, Philipp Rathgeber, Lotte Vogel, Wolfgang Riegger, Benjamin Southan, Alexander Berroth, Manfred |
author_facet | Hoppe, Niklas Scheck, Pascal Sweidan, Rami Diersing, Philipp Rathgeber, Lotte Vogel, Wolfgang Riegger, Benjamin Southan, Alexander Berroth, Manfred |
author_sort | Hoppe, Niklas |
collection | PubMed |
description | The dual-mode interferometer (DMI) is an attractive alternative to Mach-Zehnder interferometers for sensor purposes, achieving sensitivities to refractive index changes close to state-of-the-art. Modern designs on silicon-on-insulator (SOI) platforms offer thermally stable and compact devices with insertion losses of less than 1 dB and high extinction ratios. Compact arrays of multiple DMIs in parallel are easy to fabricate due to the simple structure of the DMI. In this work, the principle of operation of an integrated DMI with differential outputs is presented which allows the unambiguous phase shift detection with a single wavelength measurement, rather than using a wavelength sweep and evaluating the optical output power spectrum. Fluctuating optical input power or varying attenuation due to different analyte concentrations can be compensated by observing the sum of the optical powers at the differential outputs. DMIs with two differential single-mode outputs are fabricated in a 250 nm SOI platform, and corresponding measurements are shown to explain the principle of operation in detail. A comparison of DMIs with the conventional Mach-Zehnder interferometer using the same technology concludes this work. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-5618043 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2017 |
publisher | MDPI |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-56180432017-09-29 Silicon Integrated Dual-Mode Interferometer with Differential Outputs Hoppe, Niklas Scheck, Pascal Sweidan, Rami Diersing, Philipp Rathgeber, Lotte Vogel, Wolfgang Riegger, Benjamin Southan, Alexander Berroth, Manfred Biosensors (Basel) Article The dual-mode interferometer (DMI) is an attractive alternative to Mach-Zehnder interferometers for sensor purposes, achieving sensitivities to refractive index changes close to state-of-the-art. Modern designs on silicon-on-insulator (SOI) platforms offer thermally stable and compact devices with insertion losses of less than 1 dB and high extinction ratios. Compact arrays of multiple DMIs in parallel are easy to fabricate due to the simple structure of the DMI. In this work, the principle of operation of an integrated DMI with differential outputs is presented which allows the unambiguous phase shift detection with a single wavelength measurement, rather than using a wavelength sweep and evaluating the optical output power spectrum. Fluctuating optical input power or varying attenuation due to different analyte concentrations can be compensated by observing the sum of the optical powers at the differential outputs. DMIs with two differential single-mode outputs are fabricated in a 250 nm SOI platform, and corresponding measurements are shown to explain the principle of operation in detail. A comparison of DMIs with the conventional Mach-Zehnder interferometer using the same technology concludes this work. MDPI 2017-09-14 /pmc/articles/PMC5618043/ /pubmed/28906469 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/bios7030037 Text en © 2017 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/). |
spellingShingle | Article Hoppe, Niklas Scheck, Pascal Sweidan, Rami Diersing, Philipp Rathgeber, Lotte Vogel, Wolfgang Riegger, Benjamin Southan, Alexander Berroth, Manfred Silicon Integrated Dual-Mode Interferometer with Differential Outputs |
title | Silicon Integrated Dual-Mode Interferometer with Differential Outputs |
title_full | Silicon Integrated Dual-Mode Interferometer with Differential Outputs |
title_fullStr | Silicon Integrated Dual-Mode Interferometer with Differential Outputs |
title_full_unstemmed | Silicon Integrated Dual-Mode Interferometer with Differential Outputs |
title_short | Silicon Integrated Dual-Mode Interferometer with Differential Outputs |
title_sort | silicon integrated dual-mode interferometer with differential outputs |
topic | Article |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5618043/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28906469 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/bios7030037 |
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