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Silicon Integrated Dual-Mode Interferometer with Differential Outputs

The dual-mode interferometer (DMI) is an attractive alternative to Mach-Zehnder interferometers for sensor purposes, achieving sensitivities to refractive index changes close to state-of-the-art. Modern designs on silicon-on-insulator (SOI) platforms offer thermally stable and compact devices with i...

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Autores principales: Hoppe, Niklas, Scheck, Pascal, Sweidan, Rami, Diersing, Philipp, Rathgeber, Lotte, Vogel, Wolfgang, Riegger, Benjamin, Southan, Alexander, Berroth, Manfred
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: MDPI 2017
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5618043/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28906469
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/bios7030037
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author Hoppe, Niklas
Scheck, Pascal
Sweidan, Rami
Diersing, Philipp
Rathgeber, Lotte
Vogel, Wolfgang
Riegger, Benjamin
Southan, Alexander
Berroth, Manfred
author_facet Hoppe, Niklas
Scheck, Pascal
Sweidan, Rami
Diersing, Philipp
Rathgeber, Lotte
Vogel, Wolfgang
Riegger, Benjamin
Southan, Alexander
Berroth, Manfred
author_sort Hoppe, Niklas
collection PubMed
description The dual-mode interferometer (DMI) is an attractive alternative to Mach-Zehnder interferometers for sensor purposes, achieving sensitivities to refractive index changes close to state-of-the-art. Modern designs on silicon-on-insulator (SOI) platforms offer thermally stable and compact devices with insertion losses of less than 1 dB and high extinction ratios. Compact arrays of multiple DMIs in parallel are easy to fabricate due to the simple structure of the DMI. In this work, the principle of operation of an integrated DMI with differential outputs is presented which allows the unambiguous phase shift detection with a single wavelength measurement, rather than using a wavelength sweep and evaluating the optical output power spectrum. Fluctuating optical input power or varying attenuation due to different analyte concentrations can be compensated by observing the sum of the optical powers at the differential outputs. DMIs with two differential single-mode outputs are fabricated in a 250 nm SOI platform, and corresponding measurements are shown to explain the principle of operation in detail. A comparison of DMIs with the conventional Mach-Zehnder interferometer using the same technology concludes this work.
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spelling pubmed-56180432017-09-29 Silicon Integrated Dual-Mode Interferometer with Differential Outputs Hoppe, Niklas Scheck, Pascal Sweidan, Rami Diersing, Philipp Rathgeber, Lotte Vogel, Wolfgang Riegger, Benjamin Southan, Alexander Berroth, Manfred Biosensors (Basel) Article The dual-mode interferometer (DMI) is an attractive alternative to Mach-Zehnder interferometers for sensor purposes, achieving sensitivities to refractive index changes close to state-of-the-art. Modern designs on silicon-on-insulator (SOI) platforms offer thermally stable and compact devices with insertion losses of less than 1 dB and high extinction ratios. Compact arrays of multiple DMIs in parallel are easy to fabricate due to the simple structure of the DMI. In this work, the principle of operation of an integrated DMI with differential outputs is presented which allows the unambiguous phase shift detection with a single wavelength measurement, rather than using a wavelength sweep and evaluating the optical output power spectrum. Fluctuating optical input power or varying attenuation due to different analyte concentrations can be compensated by observing the sum of the optical powers at the differential outputs. DMIs with two differential single-mode outputs are fabricated in a 250 nm SOI platform, and corresponding measurements are shown to explain the principle of operation in detail. A comparison of DMIs with the conventional Mach-Zehnder interferometer using the same technology concludes this work. MDPI 2017-09-14 /pmc/articles/PMC5618043/ /pubmed/28906469 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/bios7030037 Text en © 2017 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).
spellingShingle Article
Hoppe, Niklas
Scheck, Pascal
Sweidan, Rami
Diersing, Philipp
Rathgeber, Lotte
Vogel, Wolfgang
Riegger, Benjamin
Southan, Alexander
Berroth, Manfred
Silicon Integrated Dual-Mode Interferometer with Differential Outputs
title Silicon Integrated Dual-Mode Interferometer with Differential Outputs
title_full Silicon Integrated Dual-Mode Interferometer with Differential Outputs
title_fullStr Silicon Integrated Dual-Mode Interferometer with Differential Outputs
title_full_unstemmed Silicon Integrated Dual-Mode Interferometer with Differential Outputs
title_short Silicon Integrated Dual-Mode Interferometer with Differential Outputs
title_sort silicon integrated dual-mode interferometer with differential outputs
topic Article
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5618043/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28906469
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/bios7030037
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