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Comparative Degradation of a Thiazole Pollutant by an Advanced Oxidation Process and an Enzymatic Approach
Organic pollutants, especially those found in water bodies, pose a direct threat to various aquatic organisms as well as humans. A variety of different remediation approaches, including chemical and biological methods, have been developed for the degradation of various organic pollutants. However, c...
Autores principales: | , , , |
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
Publicado: |
MDPI
2017
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Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5618245/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28837109 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/biom7030064 |
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author | Al-Maqdi, Khadega A. Hisaindee, Soleiman M. Rauf, Muhammad A. Ashraf, Syed Salman |
author_facet | Al-Maqdi, Khadega A. Hisaindee, Soleiman M. Rauf, Muhammad A. Ashraf, Syed Salman |
author_sort | Al-Maqdi, Khadega A. |
collection | PubMed |
description | Organic pollutants, especially those found in water bodies, pose a direct threat to various aquatic organisms as well as humans. A variety of different remediation approaches, including chemical and biological methods, have been developed for the degradation of various organic pollutants. However, comparative mechanistic studies of pollutant degradation by these different systems are almost non-existent. In this study, the degradation of a model thiazole pollutant, thioflavin T (ThT), was carried out in the presence of either an advanced oxidation process (ultraviolet (UV) + H(2)O(2)) or a chloroperoxidase enzyme system (CPO + H(2)O(2)). The degradation was followed both spectrophotometrically and using liquid chromatography-mass spectroscopy (LC-MS), and the products formed were identified using tandem liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry-mass spectrometry (LC-MS-MS). The results show that the two remediation approaches produced different sets of intermediates, with only one common species (a demethylated form of ThT). This suggests that different degradation schemes were operating in the two systems. Interestingly, one of the major intermediates produced by the CPO + H(2)O(2) system was a chlorinated form of thioflavin. Phytotoxicity studies showed that the CPO + H(2)O(2)-treated ThT solution was significantly (p < 0.05) less toxic than the UV + H(2)O(2)-treated ThT solution. This is the first time that a comparative mechanistic study showing in detail the intermediates generated in chemical and biological remediation methods has been presented. Furthermore, the results show that different remediation systems have very different degradation schemes and result in products having different toxicities. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-5618245 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2017 |
publisher | MDPI |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-56182452017-09-29 Comparative Degradation of a Thiazole Pollutant by an Advanced Oxidation Process and an Enzymatic Approach Al-Maqdi, Khadega A. Hisaindee, Soleiman M. Rauf, Muhammad A. Ashraf, Syed Salman Biomolecules Article Organic pollutants, especially those found in water bodies, pose a direct threat to various aquatic organisms as well as humans. A variety of different remediation approaches, including chemical and biological methods, have been developed for the degradation of various organic pollutants. However, comparative mechanistic studies of pollutant degradation by these different systems are almost non-existent. In this study, the degradation of a model thiazole pollutant, thioflavin T (ThT), was carried out in the presence of either an advanced oxidation process (ultraviolet (UV) + H(2)O(2)) or a chloroperoxidase enzyme system (CPO + H(2)O(2)). The degradation was followed both spectrophotometrically and using liquid chromatography-mass spectroscopy (LC-MS), and the products formed were identified using tandem liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry-mass spectrometry (LC-MS-MS). The results show that the two remediation approaches produced different sets of intermediates, with only one common species (a demethylated form of ThT). This suggests that different degradation schemes were operating in the two systems. Interestingly, one of the major intermediates produced by the CPO + H(2)O(2) system was a chlorinated form of thioflavin. Phytotoxicity studies showed that the CPO + H(2)O(2)-treated ThT solution was significantly (p < 0.05) less toxic than the UV + H(2)O(2)-treated ThT solution. This is the first time that a comparative mechanistic study showing in detail the intermediates generated in chemical and biological remediation methods has been presented. Furthermore, the results show that different remediation systems have very different degradation schemes and result in products having different toxicities. MDPI 2017-08-24 /pmc/articles/PMC5618245/ /pubmed/28837109 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/biom7030064 Text en © 2017 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/). |
spellingShingle | Article Al-Maqdi, Khadega A. Hisaindee, Soleiman M. Rauf, Muhammad A. Ashraf, Syed Salman Comparative Degradation of a Thiazole Pollutant by an Advanced Oxidation Process and an Enzymatic Approach |
title | Comparative Degradation of a Thiazole Pollutant by an Advanced Oxidation Process and an Enzymatic Approach |
title_full | Comparative Degradation of a Thiazole Pollutant by an Advanced Oxidation Process and an Enzymatic Approach |
title_fullStr | Comparative Degradation of a Thiazole Pollutant by an Advanced Oxidation Process and an Enzymatic Approach |
title_full_unstemmed | Comparative Degradation of a Thiazole Pollutant by an Advanced Oxidation Process and an Enzymatic Approach |
title_short | Comparative Degradation of a Thiazole Pollutant by an Advanced Oxidation Process and an Enzymatic Approach |
title_sort | comparative degradation of a thiazole pollutant by an advanced oxidation process and an enzymatic approach |
topic | Article |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5618245/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28837109 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/biom7030064 |
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