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Effects of Probiotics, Prebiotics, and Synbiotics on Human Health

The human gastrointestinal tract is colonised by a complex ecosystem of microorganisms. Intestinal bacteria are not only commensal, but they also undergo a synbiotic co-evolution along with their host. Beneficial intestinal bacteria have numerous and important functions, e.g., they produce various n...

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Detalles Bibliográficos
Autores principales: Markowiak, Paulina, Śliżewska, Katarzyna
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: MDPI 2017
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5622781/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28914794
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nu9091021
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author Markowiak, Paulina
Śliżewska, Katarzyna
author_facet Markowiak, Paulina
Śliżewska, Katarzyna
author_sort Markowiak, Paulina
collection PubMed
description The human gastrointestinal tract is colonised by a complex ecosystem of microorganisms. Intestinal bacteria are not only commensal, but they also undergo a synbiotic co-evolution along with their host. Beneficial intestinal bacteria have numerous and important functions, e.g., they produce various nutrients for their host, prevent infections caused by intestinal pathogens, and modulate a normal immunological response. Therefore, modification of the intestinal microbiota in order to achieve, restore, and maintain favourable balance in the ecosystem, and the activity of microorganisms present in the gastrointestinal tract is necessary for the improved health condition of the host. The introduction of probiotics, prebiotics, or synbiotics into human diet is favourable for the intestinal microbiota. They may be consumed in the form of raw vegetables and fruit, fermented pickles, or dairy products. Another source may be pharmaceutical formulas and functional food. This paper provides a review of available information and summarises the current knowledge on the effects of probiotics, prebiotics, and synbiotics on human health. The mechanism of beneficial action of those substances is discussed, and verified study results proving their efficacy in human nutrition are presented.
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spelling pubmed-56227812017-10-05 Effects of Probiotics, Prebiotics, and Synbiotics on Human Health Markowiak, Paulina Śliżewska, Katarzyna Nutrients Review The human gastrointestinal tract is colonised by a complex ecosystem of microorganisms. Intestinal bacteria are not only commensal, but they also undergo a synbiotic co-evolution along with their host. Beneficial intestinal bacteria have numerous and important functions, e.g., they produce various nutrients for their host, prevent infections caused by intestinal pathogens, and modulate a normal immunological response. Therefore, modification of the intestinal microbiota in order to achieve, restore, and maintain favourable balance in the ecosystem, and the activity of microorganisms present in the gastrointestinal tract is necessary for the improved health condition of the host. The introduction of probiotics, prebiotics, or synbiotics into human diet is favourable for the intestinal microbiota. They may be consumed in the form of raw vegetables and fruit, fermented pickles, or dairy products. Another source may be pharmaceutical formulas and functional food. This paper provides a review of available information and summarises the current knowledge on the effects of probiotics, prebiotics, and synbiotics on human health. The mechanism of beneficial action of those substances is discussed, and verified study results proving their efficacy in human nutrition are presented. MDPI 2017-09-15 /pmc/articles/PMC5622781/ /pubmed/28914794 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nu9091021 Text en © 2017 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).
spellingShingle Review
Markowiak, Paulina
Śliżewska, Katarzyna
Effects of Probiotics, Prebiotics, and Synbiotics on Human Health
title Effects of Probiotics, Prebiotics, and Synbiotics on Human Health
title_full Effects of Probiotics, Prebiotics, and Synbiotics on Human Health
title_fullStr Effects of Probiotics, Prebiotics, and Synbiotics on Human Health
title_full_unstemmed Effects of Probiotics, Prebiotics, and Synbiotics on Human Health
title_short Effects of Probiotics, Prebiotics, and Synbiotics on Human Health
title_sort effects of probiotics, prebiotics, and synbiotics on human health
topic Review
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5622781/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28914794
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nu9091021
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