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Deciphering Babesia-Vector Interactions
Understanding host-pathogen-tick interactions remains a vitally important issue that might be better understood by basic research focused on each of the dyad interplays. Pathogens gain access to either the vector or host during tick feeding when ticks are confronted with strong hemostatic, inflammat...
Autores principales: | , , , , |
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
Publicado: |
Frontiers Media S.A.
2017
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Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5627281/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29034218 http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fcimb.2017.00429 |
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author | Antunes, Sandra Rosa, Catarina Couto, Joana Ferrolho, Joana Domingos, Ana |
author_facet | Antunes, Sandra Rosa, Catarina Couto, Joana Ferrolho, Joana Domingos, Ana |
author_sort | Antunes, Sandra |
collection | PubMed |
description | Understanding host-pathogen-tick interactions remains a vitally important issue that might be better understood by basic research focused on each of the dyad interplays. Pathogens gain access to either the vector or host during tick feeding when ticks are confronted with strong hemostatic, inflammatory and immune responses. A prominent example of this is the Babesia spp.—tick—vertebrate host relationship. Babesia spp. are intraerythrocytic apicomplexan organisms spread worldwide, with a complex life cycle. The presence of transovarial transmission in almost all the Babesia species is the main difference between their life cycle and that of other piroplasmida. With more than 100 species described so far, Babesia are the second most commonly found blood parasite of mammals after trypanosomes. The prevalence of Babesia spp. infection is increasing worldwide and is currently classified as an emerging zoonosis. Babesia microti and Babesia divergens are the most frequent etiological agents associated with human babesiosis in North America and Europe, respectively. Although the Babesia-tick system has been extensively researched, the currently available prophylactic and control methods are not efficient, and chemotherapeutic treatment is limited. Studying the molecular changes induced by the presence of Babesia in the vector will not only elucidate the strategies used by the protozoa to overcome mechanical and immune barriers, but will also contribute toward the discovery of important tick molecules that have a role in vector capacity. This review provides an overview of the identified molecules involved in Babesia-tick interactions, with an emphasis on the fundamentally important ones for pathogen acquisition and transmission. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-5627281 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2017 |
publisher | Frontiers Media S.A. |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-56272812017-10-13 Deciphering Babesia-Vector Interactions Antunes, Sandra Rosa, Catarina Couto, Joana Ferrolho, Joana Domingos, Ana Front Cell Infect Microbiol Microbiology Understanding host-pathogen-tick interactions remains a vitally important issue that might be better understood by basic research focused on each of the dyad interplays. Pathogens gain access to either the vector or host during tick feeding when ticks are confronted with strong hemostatic, inflammatory and immune responses. A prominent example of this is the Babesia spp.—tick—vertebrate host relationship. Babesia spp. are intraerythrocytic apicomplexan organisms spread worldwide, with a complex life cycle. The presence of transovarial transmission in almost all the Babesia species is the main difference between their life cycle and that of other piroplasmida. With more than 100 species described so far, Babesia are the second most commonly found blood parasite of mammals after trypanosomes. The prevalence of Babesia spp. infection is increasing worldwide and is currently classified as an emerging zoonosis. Babesia microti and Babesia divergens are the most frequent etiological agents associated with human babesiosis in North America and Europe, respectively. Although the Babesia-tick system has been extensively researched, the currently available prophylactic and control methods are not efficient, and chemotherapeutic treatment is limited. Studying the molecular changes induced by the presence of Babesia in the vector will not only elucidate the strategies used by the protozoa to overcome mechanical and immune barriers, but will also contribute toward the discovery of important tick molecules that have a role in vector capacity. This review provides an overview of the identified molecules involved in Babesia-tick interactions, with an emphasis on the fundamentally important ones for pathogen acquisition and transmission. Frontiers Media S.A. 2017-09-29 /pmc/articles/PMC5627281/ /pubmed/29034218 http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fcimb.2017.00429 Text en Copyright © 2017 Antunes, Rosa, Couto, Ferrolho and Domingos. http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) or licensor are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms. |
spellingShingle | Microbiology Antunes, Sandra Rosa, Catarina Couto, Joana Ferrolho, Joana Domingos, Ana Deciphering Babesia-Vector Interactions |
title | Deciphering Babesia-Vector Interactions |
title_full | Deciphering Babesia-Vector Interactions |
title_fullStr | Deciphering Babesia-Vector Interactions |
title_full_unstemmed | Deciphering Babesia-Vector Interactions |
title_short | Deciphering Babesia-Vector Interactions |
title_sort | deciphering babesia-vector interactions |
topic | Microbiology |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5627281/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29034218 http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fcimb.2017.00429 |
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