Pharmacokinetics of carfilzomib in patients with advanced malignancies and varying degrees of hepatic impairment: an open-label, single-arm, phase 1 study

BACKGROUND: Carfilzomib is approved in the United States and Europe for treatment of relapsed or refractory multiple myeloma (MM). This study evaluated pharmacokinetics (PK) and safety of carfilzomib in patients with relapsed or progressive advanced malignancies and varying degrees of impaired hepatic function. METHODS: Patients with normal hepatic function (normal) or hepatic impairment (mild, moderate, or severe) received carfilzomib infusion in 28-day cycles. The primary objective was to assess the influence of hepatic impairment on carfilzomib PK following 27 and 56 mg/m(2) doses. RESULTS: The majority of patients enrolled in this study had solid tumors (n = 44) vs. MM (n = 2) since patients with multiple myeloma do not tend to have severe hepatic impairment in the same way as patients with solid tumors. A total of 11 normal and 17 mild, 14 moderate, and 4 severe hepatic impairment patients were enrolled. Compared with patients with normal hepatic function, patients with mild and moderate hepatic impairment had 44 and 26% higher carfilzomib AUC(0–last), respectively (27 mg/m(2) dose); increases at the 56 mg/m(2) dose were 45 and 21%, respectively. Considerable PK variability (% coefficient of variation in AUC ≤100%) was discerned and no consistent trend of increasing exposure resulting from increasing hepatic impairment severity (moderate vs. mild) was seen. The observed adverse event (AE) profile in patients of mostly solid tumors was consistent with the known safety profile of carfilzomib, with the exception of an increased frequency of AEs consistent with hepatic function abnormalities. CONCLUSIONS: In this population of primarily advanced solid tumor patients, patients with mild and moderate hepatic impairment had approximately 20–50% higher carfilzomib AUC vs. normal hepatic function patients. These increases are unlikely to be clinically significant, in light of the intrinsic PK variability and exposure–response relationship of carfilzomib. Trial registration http://clinicaltrials.gov NCT01949545; date of registration: September 6, 2013 ELECTRONIC SUPPLEMENTARY MATERIAL: The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s40164-017-0086-1) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.