Prevalence of Metabolic Syndrome Markers among Women at 1-year Postpartum as per Prepregnancy Body Mass Index Status: A Longitudinal Study

INTRODUCTION: Maternal body composition (BC) changes during lactation. Increased prepregnancy obesity is associated with poor obstetric outcomes. The aim was to study changes in maternal BC postpartum (PP) to 1-year PP with reference to their prepregnancy body mass index (BMI) status. METHODS: The study design was a 1-year follow-up study. Sixty-five apparently healthy primiparous women (28.6 ± 3.4 years delivered full-term infants) were randomly selected from December 2010 to June 2013 and postclassified on the basis of their prepregnancy BMI status. Anthropometry, sociodemographic status, physical activity, diet, clinical examination, biochemical tests, and BC at total body (dual energy X-ray absorptiometry, GE, Lunar DPX) were collected using standardized protocols. RESULTS: Forty-one women were classified in Group A with normal prepregnancy BMI (20.4 ± 2.0 kg/m(2)) and 24 women in Group B with overweight/obese (OW/OB) prepregnancy BMI (26.1 ± 1.9 kg/m(2)). At 1 year, 75% of women returned to normal BMI in Group A, whereas all 100% of women from Group B remained in OW category at 1-year PP. Nearly 43% of Group B women showed the presence of at least two metabolic syndrome risk factors as compared to 36% in Group A at 1 year. CONCLUSION: Women with OW/OB prepregnancy BMI accumulated higher visceral fat with a higher prevalence of metabolic risk factors at 1-year PP. Our study underlines the importance of maintaining BMI status in reference range in reproductive years.