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Enhancement of mechanical and electrical properties of continuous-fiber-reinforced epoxy composites with stacked graphene
Impregnation of expandable graphite (EG) after thermal treatment with an epoxy resin containing surface-active agents (SAAs) enhanced the intercalation of epoxy monomer between EG layers and led to further exfoliation of the graphite, resulting in stacks of few graphene layers, so-called “stacked” g...
Autores principales: | , , |
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
Publicado: |
Beilstein-Institut
2017
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Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5629411/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29046838 http://dx.doi.org/10.3762/bjnano.8.191 |
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author | Naveh, Naum Shepelev, Olga Kenig, Samuel |
author_facet | Naveh, Naum Shepelev, Olga Kenig, Samuel |
author_sort | Naveh, Naum |
collection | PubMed |
description | Impregnation of expandable graphite (EG) after thermal treatment with an epoxy resin containing surface-active agents (SAAs) enhanced the intercalation of epoxy monomer between EG layers and led to further exfoliation of the graphite, resulting in stacks of few graphene layers, so-called “stacked” graphene (SG). This process enabled electrical conductivity of cured epoxy/SG composites at lower percolation thresholds, and improved thermo-mechanical properties were measured with either Kevlar, carbon or glass-fiber-reinforced composites. Several compositions with SAA-modified SG led to higher dynamic moduli especially at high temperatures, reflecting the better wetting ability of the modified nanoparticles. The hydrophilic/hydrophobic nature of the SAA dictates the surface energy balance. More hydrophilic SAAs promoted localization of the SG at the Kevlar/epoxy interface, and morphology seems to be driven by thermodynamics, rather than the kinetic effect of viscosity. This effect was less obvious with carbon or glass fibers, due to the lower surface energy of the carbon fibers or some incompatibility with the glass-fiber sizing. Proper choice of the surfactant and fine-tuning of the crosslink density at the interphase may provide further enhancements in thermo-mechanical behavior. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-5629411 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2017 |
publisher | Beilstein-Institut |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-56294112017-10-18 Enhancement of mechanical and electrical properties of continuous-fiber-reinforced epoxy composites with stacked graphene Naveh, Naum Shepelev, Olga Kenig, Samuel Beilstein J Nanotechnol Full Research Paper Impregnation of expandable graphite (EG) after thermal treatment with an epoxy resin containing surface-active agents (SAAs) enhanced the intercalation of epoxy monomer between EG layers and led to further exfoliation of the graphite, resulting in stacks of few graphene layers, so-called “stacked” graphene (SG). This process enabled electrical conductivity of cured epoxy/SG composites at lower percolation thresholds, and improved thermo-mechanical properties were measured with either Kevlar, carbon or glass-fiber-reinforced composites. Several compositions with SAA-modified SG led to higher dynamic moduli especially at high temperatures, reflecting the better wetting ability of the modified nanoparticles. The hydrophilic/hydrophobic nature of the SAA dictates the surface energy balance. More hydrophilic SAAs promoted localization of the SG at the Kevlar/epoxy interface, and morphology seems to be driven by thermodynamics, rather than the kinetic effect of viscosity. This effect was less obvious with carbon or glass fibers, due to the lower surface energy of the carbon fibers or some incompatibility with the glass-fiber sizing. Proper choice of the surfactant and fine-tuning of the crosslink density at the interphase may provide further enhancements in thermo-mechanical behavior. Beilstein-Institut 2017-09-12 /pmc/articles/PMC5629411/ /pubmed/29046838 http://dx.doi.org/10.3762/bjnano.8.191 Text en Copyright © 2017, Naveh et al. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0https://www.beilstein-journals.org/bjnano/termsThis is an Open Access article under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. The license is subject to the Beilstein Journal of Nanotechnology terms and conditions: (https://www.beilstein-journals.org/bjnano/terms) |
spellingShingle | Full Research Paper Naveh, Naum Shepelev, Olga Kenig, Samuel Enhancement of mechanical and electrical properties of continuous-fiber-reinforced epoxy composites with stacked graphene |
title | Enhancement of mechanical and electrical properties of continuous-fiber-reinforced epoxy composites with stacked graphene |
title_full | Enhancement of mechanical and electrical properties of continuous-fiber-reinforced epoxy composites with stacked graphene |
title_fullStr | Enhancement of mechanical and electrical properties of continuous-fiber-reinforced epoxy composites with stacked graphene |
title_full_unstemmed | Enhancement of mechanical and electrical properties of continuous-fiber-reinforced epoxy composites with stacked graphene |
title_short | Enhancement of mechanical and electrical properties of continuous-fiber-reinforced epoxy composites with stacked graphene |
title_sort | enhancement of mechanical and electrical properties of continuous-fiber-reinforced epoxy composites with stacked graphene |
topic | Full Research Paper |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5629411/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29046838 http://dx.doi.org/10.3762/bjnano.8.191 |
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