Cargando…

Insights into the Vitis complex in the Danube floodplain (Austria)

European grapevine populations quickly disappeared from most of their range, massively killed by the spread of North American grapevine pests and diseases. Nowadays taxonomic pollution represents a new threat. A large Vitis complex involves escaped cultivars, rootstocks, and wild grapevines. The stu...

Descripción completa

Detalles Bibliográficos
Autores principales: Arnold, Claire, Bachmann, Olivier, Schnitzler, Annik
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: John Wiley and Sons Inc. 2017
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5632635/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29043035
http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ece3.3187
_version_ 1783269736929296384
author Arnold, Claire
Bachmann, Olivier
Schnitzler, Annik
author_facet Arnold, Claire
Bachmann, Olivier
Schnitzler, Annik
author_sort Arnold, Claire
collection PubMed
description European grapevine populations quickly disappeared from most of their range, massively killed by the spread of North American grapevine pests and diseases. Nowadays taxonomic pollution represents a new threat. A large Vitis complex involves escaped cultivars, rootstocks, and wild grapevines. The study aimed to provide insight into the Vitis complex in the Danube region through field and genetic analyses. Among the five other major rivers in Europe which still host wild grapevine populations, the Danube floodplain is the only one benefiting from an extensive protected forest area (93 km²) and an relatively active dynamic flood pulse. The Donau‐Auen National Park also regroups the largest wild grapevine population in Europe. Ninety‐two percent of the individuals collected in the park were true wild grapevines, and 8% were hybrids and introgressed individuals of rootstocks, wild grapevines, and cultivars. These three groups are interfertile acting either as pollen donor or receiver. Hybrids were established within and outside the dykes, mostly in anthropized forest edges. The best‐developed individuals imply rootstock genes. They establish in the most erosive parts of the floodplain. 42% of the true wild grapevines lived at the edges of forest/meadow, 33.3% at the edges forest/channels, and 23.9% in forest gaps. DBH (Diameter Breast Height) varied significantly with the occurrence of flooding. Clones were found in both true wild and hybrids/introgressed grapevines. The process of cloning seemed to be prevented in places where flooding dynamics is reduced. The current global distribution of true wild grapevines shows a strong tendency toward clustering, in sites where forestry practices were the most extensive. However, the reduced flooding activity is a danger for long‐term sustainability of the natural wild grapevine population.
format Online
Article
Text
id pubmed-5632635
institution National Center for Biotechnology Information
language English
publishDate 2017
publisher John Wiley and Sons Inc.
record_format MEDLINE/PubMed
spelling pubmed-56326352017-10-17 Insights into the Vitis complex in the Danube floodplain (Austria) Arnold, Claire Bachmann, Olivier Schnitzler, Annik Ecol Evol Original Research European grapevine populations quickly disappeared from most of their range, massively killed by the spread of North American grapevine pests and diseases. Nowadays taxonomic pollution represents a new threat. A large Vitis complex involves escaped cultivars, rootstocks, and wild grapevines. The study aimed to provide insight into the Vitis complex in the Danube region through field and genetic analyses. Among the five other major rivers in Europe which still host wild grapevine populations, the Danube floodplain is the only one benefiting from an extensive protected forest area (93 km²) and an relatively active dynamic flood pulse. The Donau‐Auen National Park also regroups the largest wild grapevine population in Europe. Ninety‐two percent of the individuals collected in the park were true wild grapevines, and 8% were hybrids and introgressed individuals of rootstocks, wild grapevines, and cultivars. These three groups are interfertile acting either as pollen donor or receiver. Hybrids were established within and outside the dykes, mostly in anthropized forest edges. The best‐developed individuals imply rootstock genes. They establish in the most erosive parts of the floodplain. 42% of the true wild grapevines lived at the edges of forest/meadow, 33.3% at the edges forest/channels, and 23.9% in forest gaps. DBH (Diameter Breast Height) varied significantly with the occurrence of flooding. Clones were found in both true wild and hybrids/introgressed grapevines. The process of cloning seemed to be prevented in places where flooding dynamics is reduced. The current global distribution of true wild grapevines shows a strong tendency toward clustering, in sites where forestry practices were the most extensive. However, the reduced flooding activity is a danger for long‐term sustainability of the natural wild grapevine population. John Wiley and Sons Inc. 2017-08-28 /pmc/articles/PMC5632635/ /pubmed/29043035 http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ece3.3187 Text en © 2017 The Authors. Ecology and Evolution published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd. This is an open access article under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/) License, which permits use, distribution and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
spellingShingle Original Research
Arnold, Claire
Bachmann, Olivier
Schnitzler, Annik
Insights into the Vitis complex in the Danube floodplain (Austria)
title Insights into the Vitis complex in the Danube floodplain (Austria)
title_full Insights into the Vitis complex in the Danube floodplain (Austria)
title_fullStr Insights into the Vitis complex in the Danube floodplain (Austria)
title_full_unstemmed Insights into the Vitis complex in the Danube floodplain (Austria)
title_short Insights into the Vitis complex in the Danube floodplain (Austria)
title_sort insights into the vitis complex in the danube floodplain (austria)
topic Original Research
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5632635/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29043035
http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ece3.3187
work_keys_str_mv AT arnoldclaire insightsintothevitiscomplexinthedanubefloodplainaustria
AT bachmannolivier insightsintothevitiscomplexinthedanubefloodplainaustria
AT schnitzlerannik insightsintothevitiscomplexinthedanubefloodplainaustria