Cargando…
Interplay of GTPases and Cytoskeleton in Cellular Barrier Defects during Gut Inflammation
An essential role of the intestine is to build and maintain a barrier preventing the luminal gut microbiota from invading the host. This involves two coordinated physical and immunological barriers formed by single layers of intestinal epithelial and endothelial cells, which avoid the activation of...
Autores principales: | , , , , |
---|---|
Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
Publicado: |
Frontiers Media S.A.
2017
|
Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5633683/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29051760 http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fimmu.2017.01240 |
_version_ | 1783269936523640832 |
---|---|
author | López-Posadas, Rocío Stürzl, Michael Atreya, Imke Neurath, Markus F. Britzen-Laurent, Nathalie |
author_facet | López-Posadas, Rocío Stürzl, Michael Atreya, Imke Neurath, Markus F. Britzen-Laurent, Nathalie |
author_sort | López-Posadas, Rocío |
collection | PubMed |
description | An essential role of the intestine is to build and maintain a barrier preventing the luminal gut microbiota from invading the host. This involves two coordinated physical and immunological barriers formed by single layers of intestinal epithelial and endothelial cells, which avoid the activation of local immune responses or the systemic dissemination of microbial agents, and preserve tissue homeostasis. Accordingly, alterations of epithelial and endothelial barrier functions have been associated with gut inflammation, for example during inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). The discriminative control of nutriment uptake and sealing toward potentially pathological microorganisms requires a profound regulation of para- and transcellular permeability. On the subcellular level, the cytoskeleton exerts key regulatory functions in the maintenance of cellular barriers. Increased epithelial/endothelial permeability occurs primarily as a result of a reorganization of cytoskeletal–junctional complexes. Pro-inflammatory mediators such as cytokines can induce cytoskeletal rearrangements, causing inflammation-dependent defects in gut barrier function. In this context, small GTPases of the Rho family and large GTPases from the Dynamin superfamily appear as major cellular switches regulating the interaction between intercellular junctions and actomyosin complexes, and in turn cytoskeleton plasticity. Strikingly, some of these proteins, such as RhoA or guanylate-binding protein-1 (GBP-1) have been associated with gut inflammation and IBD. In this review, we will summarize the role of small and large GTPases for cytoskeleton plasticity and epithelial/endothelial barrier in the context of gut inflammation. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-5633683 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2017 |
publisher | Frontiers Media S.A. |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-56336832017-10-19 Interplay of GTPases and Cytoskeleton in Cellular Barrier Defects during Gut Inflammation López-Posadas, Rocío Stürzl, Michael Atreya, Imke Neurath, Markus F. Britzen-Laurent, Nathalie Front Immunol Immunology An essential role of the intestine is to build and maintain a barrier preventing the luminal gut microbiota from invading the host. This involves two coordinated physical and immunological barriers formed by single layers of intestinal epithelial and endothelial cells, which avoid the activation of local immune responses or the systemic dissemination of microbial agents, and preserve tissue homeostasis. Accordingly, alterations of epithelial and endothelial barrier functions have been associated with gut inflammation, for example during inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). The discriminative control of nutriment uptake and sealing toward potentially pathological microorganisms requires a profound regulation of para- and transcellular permeability. On the subcellular level, the cytoskeleton exerts key regulatory functions in the maintenance of cellular barriers. Increased epithelial/endothelial permeability occurs primarily as a result of a reorganization of cytoskeletal–junctional complexes. Pro-inflammatory mediators such as cytokines can induce cytoskeletal rearrangements, causing inflammation-dependent defects in gut barrier function. In this context, small GTPases of the Rho family and large GTPases from the Dynamin superfamily appear as major cellular switches regulating the interaction between intercellular junctions and actomyosin complexes, and in turn cytoskeleton plasticity. Strikingly, some of these proteins, such as RhoA or guanylate-binding protein-1 (GBP-1) have been associated with gut inflammation and IBD. In this review, we will summarize the role of small and large GTPases for cytoskeleton plasticity and epithelial/endothelial barrier in the context of gut inflammation. Frontiers Media S.A. 2017-10-05 /pmc/articles/PMC5633683/ /pubmed/29051760 http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fimmu.2017.01240 Text en Copyright © 2017 López-Posadas, Stürzl, Atreya, Neurath and Britzen-Laurent. http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) or licensor are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms. |
spellingShingle | Immunology López-Posadas, Rocío Stürzl, Michael Atreya, Imke Neurath, Markus F. Britzen-Laurent, Nathalie Interplay of GTPases and Cytoskeleton in Cellular Barrier Defects during Gut Inflammation |
title | Interplay of GTPases and Cytoskeleton in Cellular Barrier Defects during Gut Inflammation |
title_full | Interplay of GTPases and Cytoskeleton in Cellular Barrier Defects during Gut Inflammation |
title_fullStr | Interplay of GTPases and Cytoskeleton in Cellular Barrier Defects during Gut Inflammation |
title_full_unstemmed | Interplay of GTPases and Cytoskeleton in Cellular Barrier Defects during Gut Inflammation |
title_short | Interplay of GTPases and Cytoskeleton in Cellular Barrier Defects during Gut Inflammation |
title_sort | interplay of gtpases and cytoskeleton in cellular barrier defects during gut inflammation |
topic | Immunology |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5633683/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29051760 http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fimmu.2017.01240 |
work_keys_str_mv | AT lopezposadasrocio interplayofgtpasesandcytoskeletonincellularbarrierdefectsduringgutinflammation AT sturzlmichael interplayofgtpasesandcytoskeletonincellularbarrierdefectsduringgutinflammation AT atreyaimke interplayofgtpasesandcytoskeletonincellularbarrierdefectsduringgutinflammation AT neurathmarkusf interplayofgtpasesandcytoskeletonincellularbarrierdefectsduringgutinflammation AT britzenlaurentnathalie interplayofgtpasesandcytoskeletonincellularbarrierdefectsduringgutinflammation |