Randomized Controlled Trial of a Volitional Help Sheet to Encourage Weight Loss in the Middle East

In the Middle East, the prevalence of overweight/obesity is 80%; however, no studies have yet tested the efficacy of interventions to promote weight loss. The aim of the present study was to test the ability of implementation intentions formed using a volitional help sheet to support weight loss among people who were overweight/obese. Participants (N = 216) enrolling in a weight loss program in Kuwait were randomly allocated either to form implementation intentions using a volitional help sheet (intervention group) or to use the volitional help sheet to think about critical situations and appropriate responses but not form implementation intentions (control group). The main outcome measure was weight at 6-month follow-up. Participants in the intervention condition lost significantly more weight (6.15 kg; −6.58% initial body weight) than those in the control condition (3.66 kg; −4.04% initial body weight), M (diff) = 2.55% initial body weight, SE (diff) = .92, t(214) = 2.76, p = .006, 95%CI = .73, 4.36, d = .38. The present study is the first to show that implementation intentions work beyond a Western context and that the volitional help sheet could be used in a variety of cultural contexts to enhance weight-loss programs. ELECTRONIC SUPPLEMENTARY MATERIAL: The online version of this article (doi:10.1007/s11121-017-0807-z) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.