Inflammation and airway remodeling of the lung in guinea pigs with allergic rhinitis

Allergic rhinitis (AR) and asthma belong to the category of type I allergic diseases, whose pathological features are airway remodeling of the lung and allergic inflammation. The aim of the present study was to evaluate inflammation and remodeling of lung tissue in a guinea pig model of AR in order to confirm consistent pathological changes of upper and lower airways in AR. Male guinea pigs were randomly divided into an experimental and a control group (n=10 in each). The AR model was established by sensitization through intraperitoneal injection of ovalbumin for three weeks and bilateral nasal local excitation for twelve weeks. All tissues of nasal mucosa and lung were subjected to hematoxylin and eosin as well as toluidine blue staining, and characteristics of remodeling of lung tissue, including thickness of bronchial wall, epithelial mucosa and smooth muscle were histologically determined. Collagen deposition in lung tissue was observed by Masson's trichrome stain. Severe paroxysmal nose scratching action, frequent sneezing, visible outflow of secretion from the anterior naris and frequent nose friction were observed in the AR model group within 30 min after local excitation. The total symptom scores were significantly increased in the AR model group compared with those in the control group. Obvious inflammatory cell infiltration was observed in the AR model group. Compared with those in the control group, the numbers of eosinophils and mast cells in nasal mucosa and lung tissue were significantly increased. Obvious airway remodeling of the lung was observed in the AR model group. Compared with those in the control group, bronchial wall thickness, epithelial layer thickness and smooth muscle thickness in the airways were significantly increased in the AR model group. Increased collagen deposition was found in the AR model group compared with that in the control group. The results of the present study revealed that inflammation and airway remodeling of lungs arose in guinea pigs with AR, suggesting that pathological changes of upper and lower airways are consistent in this AR model.