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Batrachochytrium salamandrivorans not detected in U.S. survey of pet salamanders

We engaged pet salamander owners in the United States to screen their animals for two amphibian chytrid fungal pathogens Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis (Bd) and B. salamandrivorans (Bsal). We provided pet owners with a sampling kit and instructional video to swab the skin of their animals. We receiv...

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Autores principales: Klocke, Blake, Becker, Matthew, Lewis, James, Fleischer, Robert C., Muletz-Wolz, Carly R., Rockwood, Larry, Aguirre, A. Alonso, Gratwicke, Brian
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: Nature Publishing Group UK 2017
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5640657/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29030586
http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s41598-017-13500-2
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author Klocke, Blake
Becker, Matthew
Lewis, James
Fleischer, Robert C.
Muletz-Wolz, Carly R.
Rockwood, Larry
Aguirre, A. Alonso
Gratwicke, Brian
author_facet Klocke, Blake
Becker, Matthew
Lewis, James
Fleischer, Robert C.
Muletz-Wolz, Carly R.
Rockwood, Larry
Aguirre, A. Alonso
Gratwicke, Brian
author_sort Klocke, Blake
collection PubMed
description We engaged pet salamander owners in the United States to screen their animals for two amphibian chytrid fungal pathogens Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis (Bd) and B. salamandrivorans (Bsal). We provided pet owners with a sampling kit and instructional video to swab the skin of their animals. We received 639 salamander samples from 65 species by mail, and tested them for Bd and Bsal using qPCR. We detected Bd on 1.3% of salamanders (95% CI 0.0053–0.0267) and did not detect Bsal (95% CI 0.0000–0.0071). If Bsal is present in the U.S. population of pet salamanders, it occurs at a very low prevalence. The United States Fish and Wildlife Service listed 201 species of salamanders as “injurious wildlife” under the Lacey Act (18 U.S.C. § 42) on January 28, 2016, a precautionary action to prevent the introduction of Bsal to the U.S. through the importation of salamanders. This action reduced the number of salamanders imported to the U.S. from 2015 to 2016 by 98.4%. Our results indicate that continued precautions should be taken to prevent the introduction and establishment of Bsal in the U.S., which is a hotspot of salamander biodiversity.
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spelling pubmed-56406572017-10-18 Batrachochytrium salamandrivorans not detected in U.S. survey of pet salamanders Klocke, Blake Becker, Matthew Lewis, James Fleischer, Robert C. Muletz-Wolz, Carly R. Rockwood, Larry Aguirre, A. Alonso Gratwicke, Brian Sci Rep Article We engaged pet salamander owners in the United States to screen their animals for two amphibian chytrid fungal pathogens Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis (Bd) and B. salamandrivorans (Bsal). We provided pet owners with a sampling kit and instructional video to swab the skin of their animals. We received 639 salamander samples from 65 species by mail, and tested them for Bd and Bsal using qPCR. We detected Bd on 1.3% of salamanders (95% CI 0.0053–0.0267) and did not detect Bsal (95% CI 0.0000–0.0071). If Bsal is present in the U.S. population of pet salamanders, it occurs at a very low prevalence. The United States Fish and Wildlife Service listed 201 species of salamanders as “injurious wildlife” under the Lacey Act (18 U.S.C. § 42) on January 28, 2016, a precautionary action to prevent the introduction of Bsal to the U.S. through the importation of salamanders. This action reduced the number of salamanders imported to the U.S. from 2015 to 2016 by 98.4%. Our results indicate that continued precautions should be taken to prevent the introduction and establishment of Bsal in the U.S., which is a hotspot of salamander biodiversity. Nature Publishing Group UK 2017-10-13 /pmc/articles/PMC5640657/ /pubmed/29030586 http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s41598-017-13500-2 Text en © The Author(s) 2017 Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons license and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.
spellingShingle Article
Klocke, Blake
Becker, Matthew
Lewis, James
Fleischer, Robert C.
Muletz-Wolz, Carly R.
Rockwood, Larry
Aguirre, A. Alonso
Gratwicke, Brian
Batrachochytrium salamandrivorans not detected in U.S. survey of pet salamanders
title Batrachochytrium salamandrivorans not detected in U.S. survey of pet salamanders
title_full Batrachochytrium salamandrivorans not detected in U.S. survey of pet salamanders
title_fullStr Batrachochytrium salamandrivorans not detected in U.S. survey of pet salamanders
title_full_unstemmed Batrachochytrium salamandrivorans not detected in U.S. survey of pet salamanders
title_short Batrachochytrium salamandrivorans not detected in U.S. survey of pet salamanders
title_sort batrachochytrium salamandrivorans not detected in u.s. survey of pet salamanders
topic Article
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5640657/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29030586
http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s41598-017-13500-2
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