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PTH Reloaded: A New Evolutionary Perspective

The parathyroid hormone (PTH) family is a group of structurally-related secreted peptides involved in bone mineral homeostasis and multitude of developmental processes in vertebrates. These peptides mediate actions through PTH receptors (PTHRs), which belong to the transmembrane G protein-coupled re...

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Autores principales: Suarez-Bregua, Paula, Cal, Laura, Cañestro, Cristian, Rotllant, Josep
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: Frontiers Media S.A. 2017
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5640766/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29062283
http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fphys.2017.00776
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author Suarez-Bregua, Paula
Cal, Laura
Cañestro, Cristian
Rotllant, Josep
author_facet Suarez-Bregua, Paula
Cal, Laura
Cañestro, Cristian
Rotllant, Josep
author_sort Suarez-Bregua, Paula
collection PubMed
description The parathyroid hormone (PTH) family is a group of structurally-related secreted peptides involved in bone mineral homeostasis and multitude of developmental processes in vertebrates. These peptides mediate actions through PTH receptors (PTHRs), which belong to the transmembrane G protein-coupled receptor group. To date, genes encoding for PTH and PTHR have only been identified in chordates, suggesting that this signaling pathway may be an evolutionary innovation of our phylum. In vertebrates, we found up to six PTH and three PTHR different paralogs, varying in number between mammals and teleost fishes due to the different rounds of whole-genome duplication and specific gene losses suffered between the two groups of animals. The diversification of the PTH gene family has been accompanied by both functional divergence and convergence, making sometimes difficult the comparison between PTH peptides of teleosts and mammals. Here, we review the roles of all Pth peptides in fishes, and based on the evolutionary history of PTH paralogs, we propose a new and simple nomenclature from PTH1 to PTH4. Moreover, the recent characterization of the Pth4 in zebrafish allows us to consider the prominent role of the brain-to-bone signaling pathway in the regulation of bone development and homeostasis. Finally, comparison between PTH peptides of fish and mammals allows us to discuss an evolutionary model for PTH functions related to bone mineral balance during the vertebrate transition from an aquatic to a terrestrial environment.
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spelling pubmed-56407662017-10-23 PTH Reloaded: A New Evolutionary Perspective Suarez-Bregua, Paula Cal, Laura Cañestro, Cristian Rotllant, Josep Front Physiol Physiology The parathyroid hormone (PTH) family is a group of structurally-related secreted peptides involved in bone mineral homeostasis and multitude of developmental processes in vertebrates. These peptides mediate actions through PTH receptors (PTHRs), which belong to the transmembrane G protein-coupled receptor group. To date, genes encoding for PTH and PTHR have only been identified in chordates, suggesting that this signaling pathway may be an evolutionary innovation of our phylum. In vertebrates, we found up to six PTH and three PTHR different paralogs, varying in number between mammals and teleost fishes due to the different rounds of whole-genome duplication and specific gene losses suffered between the two groups of animals. The diversification of the PTH gene family has been accompanied by both functional divergence and convergence, making sometimes difficult the comparison between PTH peptides of teleosts and mammals. Here, we review the roles of all Pth peptides in fishes, and based on the evolutionary history of PTH paralogs, we propose a new and simple nomenclature from PTH1 to PTH4. Moreover, the recent characterization of the Pth4 in zebrafish allows us to consider the prominent role of the brain-to-bone signaling pathway in the regulation of bone development and homeostasis. Finally, comparison between PTH peptides of fish and mammals allows us to discuss an evolutionary model for PTH functions related to bone mineral balance during the vertebrate transition from an aquatic to a terrestrial environment. Frontiers Media S.A. 2017-10-09 /pmc/articles/PMC5640766/ /pubmed/29062283 http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fphys.2017.00776 Text en Copyright © 2017 Suarez-Bregua, Cal, Cañestro and Rotllant. http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) or licensor are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.
spellingShingle Physiology
Suarez-Bregua, Paula
Cal, Laura
Cañestro, Cristian
Rotllant, Josep
PTH Reloaded: A New Evolutionary Perspective
title PTH Reloaded: A New Evolutionary Perspective
title_full PTH Reloaded: A New Evolutionary Perspective
title_fullStr PTH Reloaded: A New Evolutionary Perspective
title_full_unstemmed PTH Reloaded: A New Evolutionary Perspective
title_short PTH Reloaded: A New Evolutionary Perspective
title_sort pth reloaded: a new evolutionary perspective
topic Physiology
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5640766/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29062283
http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fphys.2017.00776
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