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Canine Histiocytic Malignancies—Challenges and Opportunities

Canine histiocytic malignancies (HM) are aggressive tumors that occur with particularly high frequency in certain breeds including Bernese mountain dogs and flat-coated retrievers. Robust diagnosis of HM commonly utilizes immunohistochemical stains that are broadly ineffective on formalin-fixed tiss...

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Autores principales: Kennedy, Katherine, Thomas, Rachael, Breen, Matthew
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: MDPI 2016
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5644619/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29056712
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/vetsci3010002
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author Kennedy, Katherine
Thomas, Rachael
Breen, Matthew
author_facet Kennedy, Katherine
Thomas, Rachael
Breen, Matthew
author_sort Kennedy, Katherine
collection PubMed
description Canine histiocytic malignancies (HM) are aggressive tumors that occur with particularly high frequency in certain breeds including Bernese mountain dogs and flat-coated retrievers. Robust diagnosis of HM commonly utilizes immunohistochemical stains that are broadly ineffective on formalin-fixed tissues; thus the diagnosis is often one of exclusion. Clinical outcomes are generally poor, with frequent metastasis and therapeutic failure lowering overall survival at time of diagnosis to an average of less than two months in the majority of published work. The limited understanding of the molecular mechanisms underlying HM has hindered the development of more effective diagnostic modalities and the identification of therapeutic targets. A potential avenue exists for advancing clinical management of canine cancers through extrapolation from a close counterpart in human medicine. Historically, HM have been compared to the rare and understudied subset of human cancers involving the dendritic lineage, such as dendritic cell sarcoma or Langerhans cell sarcoma. Recent data have now thrown into question the cellular origin of HM, suggesting that the disease may originate from the macrophage lineage. This review summarizes existing knowledge of HM from the clinical, histologic and molecular perspectives, and highlights avenues for future research that may aid the development of novel diagnostic and therapeutic approaches. In turn, a more advanced appreciation of the mechanisms underlying HM should clarify their cellular origin and identify appropriate opportunities for synergistic extrapolation between related canine and human cancers.
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spelling pubmed-56446192017-10-18 Canine Histiocytic Malignancies—Challenges and Opportunities Kennedy, Katherine Thomas, Rachael Breen, Matthew Vet Sci Review Canine histiocytic malignancies (HM) are aggressive tumors that occur with particularly high frequency in certain breeds including Bernese mountain dogs and flat-coated retrievers. Robust diagnosis of HM commonly utilizes immunohistochemical stains that are broadly ineffective on formalin-fixed tissues; thus the diagnosis is often one of exclusion. Clinical outcomes are generally poor, with frequent metastasis and therapeutic failure lowering overall survival at time of diagnosis to an average of less than two months in the majority of published work. The limited understanding of the molecular mechanisms underlying HM has hindered the development of more effective diagnostic modalities and the identification of therapeutic targets. A potential avenue exists for advancing clinical management of canine cancers through extrapolation from a close counterpart in human medicine. Historically, HM have been compared to the rare and understudied subset of human cancers involving the dendritic lineage, such as dendritic cell sarcoma or Langerhans cell sarcoma. Recent data have now thrown into question the cellular origin of HM, suggesting that the disease may originate from the macrophage lineage. This review summarizes existing knowledge of HM from the clinical, histologic and molecular perspectives, and highlights avenues for future research that may aid the development of novel diagnostic and therapeutic approaches. In turn, a more advanced appreciation of the mechanisms underlying HM should clarify their cellular origin and identify appropriate opportunities for synergistic extrapolation between related canine and human cancers. MDPI 2016-01-04 /pmc/articles/PMC5644619/ /pubmed/29056712 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/vetsci3010002 Text en © 2016 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons by Attribution (CC-BY) license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).
spellingShingle Review
Kennedy, Katherine
Thomas, Rachael
Breen, Matthew
Canine Histiocytic Malignancies—Challenges and Opportunities
title Canine Histiocytic Malignancies—Challenges and Opportunities
title_full Canine Histiocytic Malignancies—Challenges and Opportunities
title_fullStr Canine Histiocytic Malignancies—Challenges and Opportunities
title_full_unstemmed Canine Histiocytic Malignancies—Challenges and Opportunities
title_short Canine Histiocytic Malignancies—Challenges and Opportunities
title_sort canine histiocytic malignancies—challenges and opportunities
topic Review
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5644619/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29056712
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/vetsci3010002
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