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Immune Regulation of Plasmodium Is Anopheles Species Specific and Infection Intensity Dependent
Malaria parasite ookinetes must traverse the vector mosquito midgut epithelium to transform into sporozoite-producing oocysts. The Anopheles innate immune system is a key regulator of this process, thereby determining vector competence and disease transmission. The role of Anopheles innate immunity...
Autores principales: | , , , , |
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
Publicado: |
American Society for Microbiology
2017
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Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5646253/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29042500 http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/mBio.01631-17 |
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author | Simões, Maria L. Mlambo, Godfree Tripathi, Abhai Dong, Yuemei Dimopoulos, George |
author_facet | Simões, Maria L. Mlambo, Godfree Tripathi, Abhai Dong, Yuemei Dimopoulos, George |
author_sort | Simões, Maria L. |
collection | PubMed |
description | Malaria parasite ookinetes must traverse the vector mosquito midgut epithelium to transform into sporozoite-producing oocysts. The Anopheles innate immune system is a key regulator of this process, thereby determining vector competence and disease transmission. The role of Anopheles innate immunity factors as agonists or antagonists of malaria parasite infection has been previously determined using specific single Anopheles-Plasmodium species combinations. Here we show that the two C-type lectins CTL4 and CTLMA2 exert differential agonistic and antagonistic regulation of parasite killing in African and South American Anopheles species. The C-type lectins regulate both parasite melanization and lysis through independent mechanisms, and their implication in parasite melanization is dependent on infection intensity rather than mosquito-parasite species combination. We show that the leucine-rich repeat protein LRIM1 acts as an antagonist on the development of Plasmodium ookinetes and as a regulator of oocyst size and sporozoite production in the South American mosquito Anopheles albimanus. Our findings explain the rare observation of human Plasmodium falciparum melanization and define a key factor mediating the poor vector competence of Anopheles albimanus for Plasmodium berghei and Plasmodium falciparum. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-5646253 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2017 |
publisher | American Society for Microbiology |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-56462532017-10-23 Immune Regulation of Plasmodium Is Anopheles Species Specific and Infection Intensity Dependent Simões, Maria L. Mlambo, Godfree Tripathi, Abhai Dong, Yuemei Dimopoulos, George mBio Research Article Malaria parasite ookinetes must traverse the vector mosquito midgut epithelium to transform into sporozoite-producing oocysts. The Anopheles innate immune system is a key regulator of this process, thereby determining vector competence and disease transmission. The role of Anopheles innate immunity factors as agonists or antagonists of malaria parasite infection has been previously determined using specific single Anopheles-Plasmodium species combinations. Here we show that the two C-type lectins CTL4 and CTLMA2 exert differential agonistic and antagonistic regulation of parasite killing in African and South American Anopheles species. The C-type lectins regulate both parasite melanization and lysis through independent mechanisms, and their implication in parasite melanization is dependent on infection intensity rather than mosquito-parasite species combination. We show that the leucine-rich repeat protein LRIM1 acts as an antagonist on the development of Plasmodium ookinetes and as a regulator of oocyst size and sporozoite production in the South American mosquito Anopheles albimanus. Our findings explain the rare observation of human Plasmodium falciparum melanization and define a key factor mediating the poor vector competence of Anopheles albimanus for Plasmodium berghei and Plasmodium falciparum. American Society for Microbiology 2017-10-17 /pmc/articles/PMC5646253/ /pubmed/29042500 http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/mBio.01631-17 Text en Copyright © 2017 Simões et al. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/) . |
spellingShingle | Research Article Simões, Maria L. Mlambo, Godfree Tripathi, Abhai Dong, Yuemei Dimopoulos, George Immune Regulation of Plasmodium Is Anopheles Species Specific and Infection Intensity Dependent |
title | Immune Regulation of Plasmodium Is Anopheles Species Specific and Infection Intensity Dependent |
title_full | Immune Regulation of Plasmodium Is Anopheles Species Specific and Infection Intensity Dependent |
title_fullStr | Immune Regulation of Plasmodium Is Anopheles Species Specific and Infection Intensity Dependent |
title_full_unstemmed | Immune Regulation of Plasmodium Is Anopheles Species Specific and Infection Intensity Dependent |
title_short | Immune Regulation of Plasmodium Is Anopheles Species Specific and Infection Intensity Dependent |
title_sort | immune regulation of plasmodium is anopheles species specific and infection intensity dependent |
topic | Research Article |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5646253/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29042500 http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/mBio.01631-17 |
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