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A Mediterranean diet with additional extra virgin olive oil and pistachios reduces the incidence of gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM): A randomized controlled trial: The St. Carlos GDM prevention study
BACKGROUND: Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) prevalence is increasing and becoming a major public health concern. Whether a Mediterranean diet can help prevent GDM in unselected pregnant women has yet to be studied. METHODS: We conducted a prospective, randomized controlled trial to evaluate the...
Autores principales: | , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , |
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
Publicado: |
Public Library of Science
2017
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Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5648128/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29049303 http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0185873 |
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author | Assaf-Balut, Carla García de la Torre, Nuria Durán, Alejandra Fuentes, Manuel Bordiú, Elena del Valle, Laura Familiar, Cristina Ortolá, Ana Jiménez, Inés Herraiz, Miguel A. Izquierdo, Nuria Perez, Noelia Torrejon, María J. Ortega, María I. Illana, Francisco J. Runkle, Isabelle de Miguel, Maria P. Montañez, Carmen Barabash, Ana Cuesta, Martín Rubio, Miguel A. Calle-Pascual, Alfonso L. |
author_facet | Assaf-Balut, Carla García de la Torre, Nuria Durán, Alejandra Fuentes, Manuel Bordiú, Elena del Valle, Laura Familiar, Cristina Ortolá, Ana Jiménez, Inés Herraiz, Miguel A. Izquierdo, Nuria Perez, Noelia Torrejon, María J. Ortega, María I. Illana, Francisco J. Runkle, Isabelle de Miguel, Maria P. Montañez, Carmen Barabash, Ana Cuesta, Martín Rubio, Miguel A. Calle-Pascual, Alfonso L. |
author_sort | Assaf-Balut, Carla |
collection | PubMed |
description | BACKGROUND: Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) prevalence is increasing and becoming a major public health concern. Whether a Mediterranean diet can help prevent GDM in unselected pregnant women has yet to be studied. METHODS: We conducted a prospective, randomized controlled trial to evaluate the incidence of GDM with two different dietary models. All consecutive normoglycemic (<92 mg/dL) pregnant women at 8–12 gestational weeks (GW) were assigned to Intervention Group (IG, n = 500): MedDiet supplemented with extra virgin olive oil (EVOO) and pistachios; or Control Group (CG, n = 500): standard diet with limited fat intake. Primary outcome was to assess the effect of the intervention on GDM incidence at 24–28 GW. Gestational weight gain (GWG), pregnancy-induced hypertension, caesarean section (CS), preterm delivery, perineal trauma, small and large for gestational age (SGA and LGA) and admissions to neonatal intensive care unit were also assessed. Analysis was by intention-to-treat. RESULTS: A total of 874 women completed the study (440/434, CG/IG). According to nutritional questionnaires and biomarker analysis, women in the IG had a good adherence to the intervention. 177/874 women were diagnosed with GDM, 103/440 (23.4%) in CG and 74/434(17.1%) in IG, p = 0.012. The crude relative risk (RR) for GDM was 0.73 (95% CI: 0.56–0.95; p = 0.020) IG vs CG and persisted after adjusted multivariable analysis, 0.75(95% CI: 0.57–0.98; p = 0.039). IG had also significantly reduced rates of insulin-treated GDM, prematurity, GWG at 24–28 and 36–38 GW, emergency CS, perineal trauma, and SGA and LGA newborns (all p<0.05). CONCLUSIONS: An early nutritional intervention with a supplemented MedDiet reduces the incidence of GDM and improves several maternal and neonatal outcomes. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-5648128 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2017 |
publisher | Public Library of Science |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-56481282017-11-03 A Mediterranean diet with additional extra virgin olive oil and pistachios reduces the incidence of gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM): A randomized controlled trial: The St. Carlos GDM prevention study Assaf-Balut, Carla García de la Torre, Nuria Durán, Alejandra Fuentes, Manuel Bordiú, Elena del Valle, Laura Familiar, Cristina Ortolá, Ana Jiménez, Inés Herraiz, Miguel A. Izquierdo, Nuria Perez, Noelia Torrejon, María J. Ortega, María I. Illana, Francisco J. Runkle, Isabelle de Miguel, Maria P. Montañez, Carmen Barabash, Ana Cuesta, Martín Rubio, Miguel A. Calle-Pascual, Alfonso L. PLoS One Research Article BACKGROUND: Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) prevalence is increasing and becoming a major public health concern. Whether a Mediterranean diet can help prevent GDM in unselected pregnant women has yet to be studied. METHODS: We conducted a prospective, randomized controlled trial to evaluate the incidence of GDM with two different dietary models. All consecutive normoglycemic (<92 mg/dL) pregnant women at 8–12 gestational weeks (GW) were assigned to Intervention Group (IG, n = 500): MedDiet supplemented with extra virgin olive oil (EVOO) and pistachios; or Control Group (CG, n = 500): standard diet with limited fat intake. Primary outcome was to assess the effect of the intervention on GDM incidence at 24–28 GW. Gestational weight gain (GWG), pregnancy-induced hypertension, caesarean section (CS), preterm delivery, perineal trauma, small and large for gestational age (SGA and LGA) and admissions to neonatal intensive care unit were also assessed. Analysis was by intention-to-treat. RESULTS: A total of 874 women completed the study (440/434, CG/IG). According to nutritional questionnaires and biomarker analysis, women in the IG had a good adherence to the intervention. 177/874 women were diagnosed with GDM, 103/440 (23.4%) in CG and 74/434(17.1%) in IG, p = 0.012. The crude relative risk (RR) for GDM was 0.73 (95% CI: 0.56–0.95; p = 0.020) IG vs CG and persisted after adjusted multivariable analysis, 0.75(95% CI: 0.57–0.98; p = 0.039). IG had also significantly reduced rates of insulin-treated GDM, prematurity, GWG at 24–28 and 36–38 GW, emergency CS, perineal trauma, and SGA and LGA newborns (all p<0.05). CONCLUSIONS: An early nutritional intervention with a supplemented MedDiet reduces the incidence of GDM and improves several maternal and neonatal outcomes. Public Library of Science 2017-10-19 /pmc/articles/PMC5648128/ /pubmed/29049303 http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0185873 Text en © 2017 Assaf-Balut et al http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/) , which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited. |
spellingShingle | Research Article Assaf-Balut, Carla García de la Torre, Nuria Durán, Alejandra Fuentes, Manuel Bordiú, Elena del Valle, Laura Familiar, Cristina Ortolá, Ana Jiménez, Inés Herraiz, Miguel A. Izquierdo, Nuria Perez, Noelia Torrejon, María J. Ortega, María I. Illana, Francisco J. Runkle, Isabelle de Miguel, Maria P. Montañez, Carmen Barabash, Ana Cuesta, Martín Rubio, Miguel A. Calle-Pascual, Alfonso L. A Mediterranean diet with additional extra virgin olive oil and pistachios reduces the incidence of gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM): A randomized controlled trial: The St. Carlos GDM prevention study |
title | A Mediterranean diet with additional extra virgin olive oil and pistachios reduces the incidence of gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM): A randomized controlled trial: The St. Carlos GDM prevention study |
title_full | A Mediterranean diet with additional extra virgin olive oil and pistachios reduces the incidence of gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM): A randomized controlled trial: The St. Carlos GDM prevention study |
title_fullStr | A Mediterranean diet with additional extra virgin olive oil and pistachios reduces the incidence of gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM): A randomized controlled trial: The St. Carlos GDM prevention study |
title_full_unstemmed | A Mediterranean diet with additional extra virgin olive oil and pistachios reduces the incidence of gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM): A randomized controlled trial: The St. Carlos GDM prevention study |
title_short | A Mediterranean diet with additional extra virgin olive oil and pistachios reduces the incidence of gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM): A randomized controlled trial: The St. Carlos GDM prevention study |
title_sort | mediterranean diet with additional extra virgin olive oil and pistachios reduces the incidence of gestational diabetes mellitus (gdm): a randomized controlled trial: the st. carlos gdm prevention study |
topic | Research Article |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5648128/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29049303 http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0185873 |
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