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Expression of thyroid hormone regulator genes in the yolk sac membrane of the developing chicken embryo

Thyroid hormones (THs) are essential for the correct development of nearly every structure in the body from the very early stages of development, yet the embryonic thyroid gland is not functional at these stages. To clarify the roles of the egg yolk as a source of THs, the TH content in the yolk and...

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Autores principales: TOO, Hanny Cho, SHIBATA, Mitsuhiro, YAYOTA, Masato, DARRAS, Veerle M., IWASAWA, Atsushi
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: The Society for Reproduction and Development 2017
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5649095/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28652559
http://dx.doi.org/10.1262/jrd.2017-017
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author TOO, Hanny Cho
SHIBATA, Mitsuhiro
YAYOTA, Masato
DARRAS, Veerle M.
IWASAWA, Atsushi
author_facet TOO, Hanny Cho
SHIBATA, Mitsuhiro
YAYOTA, Masato
DARRAS, Veerle M.
IWASAWA, Atsushi
author_sort TOO, Hanny Cho
collection PubMed
description Thyroid hormones (THs) are essential for the correct development of nearly every structure in the body from the very early stages of development, yet the embryonic thyroid gland is not functional at these stages. To clarify the roles of the egg yolk as a source of THs, the TH content in the yolk and the expression of TH regulator genes in the yolk sac membrane were evaluated throughout the 21-day incubation period of chicken embryos. The yolk TH content (22.3 ng triiodothyronine and 654.7 ng thyroxine per total yolk on day 4 of incubation) decreased almost linearly along with development. Real-time PCR revealed gene expression of transthyretin, a principal TH distributor in the chicken, and of a TH-inactivating iodothyronine deiodinase (DIO3), until the second week of incubation when the embryonic pituitary-thyroid axis is generally thought to start functioning. The TH-activating deiodinase (DIO2) and transmembrane transporter of thyroxine (SLCO1C1) genes were expressed in the last week of incubation, which coincided with a marked increase of circulating thyroxine and a reduction in the yolk sac weight. DIO1, which can remove iodine from inactive THs, was expressed throughout the incubation period. It is assumed that the chicken yolk sac inactivates THs contained abundantly in the yolk and supplies the hormones to the developing embryo in appropriate concentrations until the second week of incubation, while THs may be activated in the yolk sac membrane in the last week of incubation. Additionally, the yolk sac could serve as a source of iodine for the embryo.
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spelling pubmed-56490952017-10-25 Expression of thyroid hormone regulator genes in the yolk sac membrane of the developing chicken embryo TOO, Hanny Cho SHIBATA, Mitsuhiro YAYOTA, Masato DARRAS, Veerle M. IWASAWA, Atsushi J Reprod Dev Original Article Thyroid hormones (THs) are essential for the correct development of nearly every structure in the body from the very early stages of development, yet the embryonic thyroid gland is not functional at these stages. To clarify the roles of the egg yolk as a source of THs, the TH content in the yolk and the expression of TH regulator genes in the yolk sac membrane were evaluated throughout the 21-day incubation period of chicken embryos. The yolk TH content (22.3 ng triiodothyronine and 654.7 ng thyroxine per total yolk on day 4 of incubation) decreased almost linearly along with development. Real-time PCR revealed gene expression of transthyretin, a principal TH distributor in the chicken, and of a TH-inactivating iodothyronine deiodinase (DIO3), until the second week of incubation when the embryonic pituitary-thyroid axis is generally thought to start functioning. The TH-activating deiodinase (DIO2) and transmembrane transporter of thyroxine (SLCO1C1) genes were expressed in the last week of incubation, which coincided with a marked increase of circulating thyroxine and a reduction in the yolk sac weight. DIO1, which can remove iodine from inactive THs, was expressed throughout the incubation period. It is assumed that the chicken yolk sac inactivates THs contained abundantly in the yolk and supplies the hormones to the developing embryo in appropriate concentrations until the second week of incubation, while THs may be activated in the yolk sac membrane in the last week of incubation. Additionally, the yolk sac could serve as a source of iodine for the embryo. The Society for Reproduction and Development 2017-06-25 2017-10 /pmc/articles/PMC5649095/ /pubmed/28652559 http://dx.doi.org/10.1262/jrd.2017-017 Text en ©2017 Society for Reproduction and Development This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non-Commercial No Derivatives (by-nc-nd) License. (CC-BY-NC-ND 4.0: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/)
spellingShingle Original Article
TOO, Hanny Cho
SHIBATA, Mitsuhiro
YAYOTA, Masato
DARRAS, Veerle M.
IWASAWA, Atsushi
Expression of thyroid hormone regulator genes in the yolk sac membrane of the developing chicken embryo
title Expression of thyroid hormone regulator genes in the yolk sac membrane of the developing chicken embryo
title_full Expression of thyroid hormone regulator genes in the yolk sac membrane of the developing chicken embryo
title_fullStr Expression of thyroid hormone regulator genes in the yolk sac membrane of the developing chicken embryo
title_full_unstemmed Expression of thyroid hormone regulator genes in the yolk sac membrane of the developing chicken embryo
title_short Expression of thyroid hormone regulator genes in the yolk sac membrane of the developing chicken embryo
title_sort expression of thyroid hormone regulator genes in the yolk sac membrane of the developing chicken embryo
topic Original Article
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5649095/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28652559
http://dx.doi.org/10.1262/jrd.2017-017
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