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Ammonia-induced mitochondrial dysfunction and energy metabolism disturbances in isolated brain and liver mitochondria, and the effect of taurine administration: relevance to hepatic encephalopathy treatment

INTRODUCTION: Ammonia-induced oxidative stress, mitochondrial dysfunction, and energy crisis are known as some the major mechanisms of brain injury in hepatic encephalopathy (HE). Hyperammonemia also affects the liver and hepatocytes. Therefore, targeting mitochondria seems to be a therapeutic point...

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Autores principales: Niknahad, Hossein, Jamshidzadeh, Akram, Heidari, Reza, Zarei, Mahdi, Ommati, Mohammad Mehdi
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: Termedia Publishing House 2017
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5649485/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29062904
http://dx.doi.org/10.5114/ceh.2017.68833
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author Niknahad, Hossein
Jamshidzadeh, Akram
Heidari, Reza
Zarei, Mahdi
Ommati, Mohammad Mehdi
author_facet Niknahad, Hossein
Jamshidzadeh, Akram
Heidari, Reza
Zarei, Mahdi
Ommati, Mohammad Mehdi
author_sort Niknahad, Hossein
collection PubMed
description INTRODUCTION: Ammonia-induced oxidative stress, mitochondrial dysfunction, and energy crisis are known as some the major mechanisms of brain injury in hepatic encephalopathy (HE). Hyperammonemia also affects the liver and hepatocytes. Therefore, targeting mitochondria seems to be a therapeutic point of intervention in the treatment of HE. Taurine is an abundant amino acid in the human body. Several biological functions including the mitochondrial protective properties are attributed to this amino acid. The aim of this study is to evaluate the effect of taurine administration on ammonia-induced mitochondrial dysfunction. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Isolated mice liver and brain mitochondria were exposed to different concentrations of ammonia (1, 5, 10, and 20 mM) and taurine (1, 5, and 10 mM), and several mitochondrial indices were assessed. RESULTS: It was found that ammonia inhibited mitochondrial dehydrogenases activity caused collapse of mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP), induced mitochondrial swelling (MPP), and increased reactive oxygen species (ROS) in isolated liver and brain mitochondria. Furthermore, a significant amount of lipid peroxidation (LPO), along with glutathione (GSH) and ATP depletion, was detected in ammonia exposed mitochondria. Taurine administration (5 and 10 mM) mitigated ammonia-induced mitochondrial dysfunction. CONCLUSIONS: The current investigation demonstrates that taurine is instrumental in preserving brain and liver mitochondrial function in a hyperammonemic environment. The data suggest taurine as a potential protective agent with a therapeutic capability against hepatic encephalopathy and hyperammonemia.
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spelling pubmed-56494852017-10-23 Ammonia-induced mitochondrial dysfunction and energy metabolism disturbances in isolated brain and liver mitochondria, and the effect of taurine administration: relevance to hepatic encephalopathy treatment Niknahad, Hossein Jamshidzadeh, Akram Heidari, Reza Zarei, Mahdi Ommati, Mohammad Mehdi Clin Exp Hepatol Original Paper INTRODUCTION: Ammonia-induced oxidative stress, mitochondrial dysfunction, and energy crisis are known as some the major mechanisms of brain injury in hepatic encephalopathy (HE). Hyperammonemia also affects the liver and hepatocytes. Therefore, targeting mitochondria seems to be a therapeutic point of intervention in the treatment of HE. Taurine is an abundant amino acid in the human body. Several biological functions including the mitochondrial protective properties are attributed to this amino acid. The aim of this study is to evaluate the effect of taurine administration on ammonia-induced mitochondrial dysfunction. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Isolated mice liver and brain mitochondria were exposed to different concentrations of ammonia (1, 5, 10, and 20 mM) and taurine (1, 5, and 10 mM), and several mitochondrial indices were assessed. RESULTS: It was found that ammonia inhibited mitochondrial dehydrogenases activity caused collapse of mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP), induced mitochondrial swelling (MPP), and increased reactive oxygen species (ROS) in isolated liver and brain mitochondria. Furthermore, a significant amount of lipid peroxidation (LPO), along with glutathione (GSH) and ATP depletion, was detected in ammonia exposed mitochondria. Taurine administration (5 and 10 mM) mitigated ammonia-induced mitochondrial dysfunction. CONCLUSIONS: The current investigation demonstrates that taurine is instrumental in preserving brain and liver mitochondrial function in a hyperammonemic environment. The data suggest taurine as a potential protective agent with a therapeutic capability against hepatic encephalopathy and hyperammonemia. Termedia Publishing House 2017-07-05 2017-09 /pmc/articles/PMC5649485/ /pubmed/29062904 http://dx.doi.org/10.5114/ceh.2017.68833 Text en Copyright: © 2017 Clinical and Experimental Hepatology http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/ This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International (CC BY-NC-SA 4.0) License, allowing third parties to copy and redistribute the material in any medium or format and to remix, transform, and build upon the material, provided the original work is properly cited and states its license.
spellingShingle Original Paper
Niknahad, Hossein
Jamshidzadeh, Akram
Heidari, Reza
Zarei, Mahdi
Ommati, Mohammad Mehdi
Ammonia-induced mitochondrial dysfunction and energy metabolism disturbances in isolated brain and liver mitochondria, and the effect of taurine administration: relevance to hepatic encephalopathy treatment
title Ammonia-induced mitochondrial dysfunction and energy metabolism disturbances in isolated brain and liver mitochondria, and the effect of taurine administration: relevance to hepatic encephalopathy treatment
title_full Ammonia-induced mitochondrial dysfunction and energy metabolism disturbances in isolated brain and liver mitochondria, and the effect of taurine administration: relevance to hepatic encephalopathy treatment
title_fullStr Ammonia-induced mitochondrial dysfunction and energy metabolism disturbances in isolated brain and liver mitochondria, and the effect of taurine administration: relevance to hepatic encephalopathy treatment
title_full_unstemmed Ammonia-induced mitochondrial dysfunction and energy metabolism disturbances in isolated brain and liver mitochondria, and the effect of taurine administration: relevance to hepatic encephalopathy treatment
title_short Ammonia-induced mitochondrial dysfunction and energy metabolism disturbances in isolated brain and liver mitochondria, and the effect of taurine administration: relevance to hepatic encephalopathy treatment
title_sort ammonia-induced mitochondrial dysfunction and energy metabolism disturbances in isolated brain and liver mitochondria, and the effect of taurine administration: relevance to hepatic encephalopathy treatment
topic Original Paper
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5649485/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29062904
http://dx.doi.org/10.5114/ceh.2017.68833
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