CD133-targeted oncolytic adenovirus demonstrates anti-tumor effect in colorectal cancer

Oncolytic Adenoviruses (OAds) are one of the most promising anti-cancer agents that can induce cancer specific cell death. Recently, we generated infectivity-selective OAd, and the resultant OAd tumor-specific binding shows strong efficacy and mitigates toxicity. In this study, we applied this strategy based on adenovirus library screening system for generation of CD133-targeted OAd, and examined their oncolytic activity against colorectal cancer (CRC) in vitro and in vivo. CD133 (Prominin-1) is an important cell surface marker of cancer stem (like) cells (CSCs) in various cancers, including CRC. Elimination of CSCs has a high likelihood to improve CRC treatment because CSCs population in the tumor contributes to recurrence, metastases, chemotherapy resistance, and poor survival. The OAd with CD133-targeting motif (AdML-TYML) selectively infected CD133(+) cultured cells and lysed them efficiently. Treatment with AdML-TYML prior to tumor inoculation inhibited the establishment of tumor of CD133(+) CRC cell lines in nude mice. AdML-TYML also showed strong antitumor effect after intratumoral injections in already established CD133(+) CRC subcutaneous xenografts. Our results indicate that CD133-targeted OAd selectively infected CD133(+) CRC, and exhibited anti-tumorigenicity and therapeutic effect in established tumors. This novel infectivity selective virus could be a potent tool for the prevention of metastases and relapses in CRC.