Maximizing T(c) by tuning nematicity and magnetism in FeSe(1−x)S(x) superconductors

A fundamental issue concerning iron-based superconductivity is the roles of electronic nematicity and magnetism in realising high transition temperature (T (c)). To address this issue, FeSe is a key material, as it exhibits a unique pressure phase diagram involving non-magnetic nematic and pressure-induced antiferromagnetic ordered phases. However, as these two phases in FeSe have considerable overlap, how each order affects superconductivity remains perplexing. Here we construct the three-dimensional electronic phase diagram, temperature (T) against pressure (P) and isovalent S-substitution (x), for FeSe(1−x)S(x). By simultaneously tuning chemical and physical pressures, against which the chalcogen height shows a contrasting variation, we achieve a complete separation of nematic and antiferromagnetic phases. In between, an extended non-magnetic tetragonal phase emerges, where T (c) shows a striking enhancement. The completed phase diagram uncovers that high-T (c) superconductivity lies near both ends of the dome-shaped antiferromagnetic phase, whereas T (c) remains low near the nematic critical point.