Rescue therapeutic strategy combining ultra-protective mechanical ventilation with extracorporeal CO(2) removal membrane in near-fatal asthma with severe pulmonary barotraumas: A case report

RATIONALE: Mechanical ventilation of severe acute asthma is still considered a challenging issue, mainly because of the gas trapping phenomenon with the potential for life-threatening barotraumatic pulmonary complications. PATIENT CONCERNS: Herein, we describe 2 consecutive cases of near-fatal asthma for whom the recommended protective mechanical ventilation approach using low tidal volume of 6 mL/kg and small levels of PEEP was rapidly compromised by giant pneumomediastinum with extensive subcutaneousemphysema. DIAGNOSES: Near fatal asthma. INTERVENTION: A rescue therapeutic strategy combining extracorporeal CO(2) removal membrane with ultra-protective extremely low tidal volume (3 mL/kg) ventilation was applied. OUTCOMES: Both patients survived hospital discharge. LESSONS: These 2 cases indicate that ECCO(2)R associated with ultra-protective ventilation could be an alternative to surgery in case of life-threatening barotrauma occurring under mechanical ventilation.