Implementing an Oxygen Supplementation and Monitoring Protocol on Inpatient Pediatric Bronchiolitis: An Exercise in Deimplementation

AIM: Our goal in this study is to evaluate the effectiveness of our oxygen (O(2)) protocol to reduce length of stay (LOS) for children hospitalized with bronchiolitis. METHODS: In this retrospective cohort study, the outcomes of children ≤ 24 months old that were admitted with bronchiolitis and placed on the O(2) protocol were compared to historical controls. The primary outcome was hospital length of stay. Secondary outcomes were duration of O(2) supplementation, rates of pediatric intensive care unit transfer, and readmission. RESULTS: Groups were not significantly different in age, gender, and rates of respiratory distress score assessment. Significantly more severely ill patients were in the O(2) protocol group. There were no significant differences between control and O(2) protocol groups with regard to mean LOS, rates of pediatric intensive care unit transfer, or seven-day readmission rates. By multiple regression analysis, the use of the O(2) protocol was associated with a nearly 20% significant decrease in the length of hospitalization (p = 0.030). CONCLUSION: Use of O(2) supplementation protocol increased LOS in the more ill patients with bronchiolitis but decreased overall LOS by having a profound effect on patients with mild bronchiolitis.