Cargando…
Environmental Risk Assessment Strategy for Nanomaterials
An Environmental Risk Assessment (ERA) for nanomaterials (NMs) is outlined in this paper. Contrary to other recent papers on the subject, the main data requirements, models and advancement within each of the four risk assessment domains are described, i.e., in the: (i) materials, (ii) release, fate...
Autores principales: | , , , , , , , , , , , , , |
---|---|
Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
Publicado: |
MDPI
2017
|
Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5664752/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29048395 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph14101251 |
_version_ | 1783275049099198464 |
---|---|
author | Scott-Fordsmand, Janeck J. Peijnenburg, Willie J. G. M. Semenzin, Elena Nowack, Bernd Hunt, Neil Hristozov, Danail Marcomini, Antonio Irfan, Muhammad-Adeel Jiménez, Araceli Sánchez Landsiedel, Robert Tran, Lang Oomen, Agnes G. Bos, Peter M. J. Hund-Rinke, Kerstin |
author_facet | Scott-Fordsmand, Janeck J. Peijnenburg, Willie J. G. M. Semenzin, Elena Nowack, Bernd Hunt, Neil Hristozov, Danail Marcomini, Antonio Irfan, Muhammad-Adeel Jiménez, Araceli Sánchez Landsiedel, Robert Tran, Lang Oomen, Agnes G. Bos, Peter M. J. Hund-Rinke, Kerstin |
author_sort | Scott-Fordsmand, Janeck J. |
collection | PubMed |
description | An Environmental Risk Assessment (ERA) for nanomaterials (NMs) is outlined in this paper. Contrary to other recent papers on the subject, the main data requirements, models and advancement within each of the four risk assessment domains are described, i.e., in the: (i) materials, (ii) release, fate and exposure, (iii) hazard and (iv) risk characterisation domains. The material, which is obviously the foundation for any risk assessment, should be described according to the legislatively required characterisation data. Characterisation data will also be used at various levels within the ERA, e.g., exposure modelling. The release, fate and exposure data and models cover the input for environmental distribution models in order to identify the potential (PES) and relevant exposure scenarios (RES) and, subsequently, the possible release routes, both with regard to which compartment(s) NMs are distributed in line with the factors determining the fate within environmental compartment. The initial outcome in the risk characterisation will be a generic Predicted Environmental Concentration (PEC), but a refined PEC can be obtained by applying specific exposure models for relevant media. The hazard information covers a variety of representative, relevant and reliable organisms and/or functions, relevant for the RES and enabling a hazard characterisation. The initial outcome will be hazard characterisation in test systems allowing estimating a Predicted No-Effect concentration (PNEC), either based on uncertainty factors or on a NM adapted version of the Species Sensitivity Distributions approach. The risk characterisation will either be based on a deterministic risk ratio approach (i.e., PEC/PNEC) or an overlay of probability distributions, i.e., exposure and hazard distributions, using the nano relevant models. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-5664752 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2017 |
publisher | MDPI |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-56647522017-11-06 Environmental Risk Assessment Strategy for Nanomaterials Scott-Fordsmand, Janeck J. Peijnenburg, Willie J. G. M. Semenzin, Elena Nowack, Bernd Hunt, Neil Hristozov, Danail Marcomini, Antonio Irfan, Muhammad-Adeel Jiménez, Araceli Sánchez Landsiedel, Robert Tran, Lang Oomen, Agnes G. Bos, Peter M. J. Hund-Rinke, Kerstin Int J Environ Res Public Health Article An Environmental Risk Assessment (ERA) for nanomaterials (NMs) is outlined in this paper. Contrary to other recent papers on the subject, the main data requirements, models and advancement within each of the four risk assessment domains are described, i.e., in the: (i) materials, (ii) release, fate and exposure, (iii) hazard and (iv) risk characterisation domains. The material, which is obviously the foundation for any risk assessment, should be described according to the legislatively required characterisation data. Characterisation data will also be used at various levels within the ERA, e.g., exposure modelling. The release, fate and exposure data and models cover the input for environmental distribution models in order to identify the potential (PES) and relevant exposure scenarios (RES) and, subsequently, the possible release routes, both with regard to which compartment(s) NMs are distributed in line with the factors determining the fate within environmental compartment. The initial outcome in the risk characterisation will be a generic Predicted Environmental Concentration (PEC), but a refined PEC can be obtained by applying specific exposure models for relevant media. The hazard information covers a variety of representative, relevant and reliable organisms and/or functions, relevant for the RES and enabling a hazard characterisation. The initial outcome will be hazard characterisation in test systems allowing estimating a Predicted No-Effect concentration (PNEC), either based on uncertainty factors or on a NM adapted version of the Species Sensitivity Distributions approach. The risk characterisation will either be based on a deterministic risk ratio approach (i.e., PEC/PNEC) or an overlay of probability distributions, i.e., exposure and hazard distributions, using the nano relevant models. MDPI 2017-10-19 2017-10 /pmc/articles/PMC5664752/ /pubmed/29048395 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph14101251 Text en © 2017 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/). |
spellingShingle | Article Scott-Fordsmand, Janeck J. Peijnenburg, Willie J. G. M. Semenzin, Elena Nowack, Bernd Hunt, Neil Hristozov, Danail Marcomini, Antonio Irfan, Muhammad-Adeel Jiménez, Araceli Sánchez Landsiedel, Robert Tran, Lang Oomen, Agnes G. Bos, Peter M. J. Hund-Rinke, Kerstin Environmental Risk Assessment Strategy for Nanomaterials |
title | Environmental Risk Assessment Strategy for Nanomaterials |
title_full | Environmental Risk Assessment Strategy for Nanomaterials |
title_fullStr | Environmental Risk Assessment Strategy for Nanomaterials |
title_full_unstemmed | Environmental Risk Assessment Strategy for Nanomaterials |
title_short | Environmental Risk Assessment Strategy for Nanomaterials |
title_sort | environmental risk assessment strategy for nanomaterials |
topic | Article |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5664752/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29048395 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph14101251 |
work_keys_str_mv | AT scottfordsmandjaneckj environmentalriskassessmentstrategyfornanomaterials AT peijnenburgwilliejgm environmentalriskassessmentstrategyfornanomaterials AT semenzinelena environmentalriskassessmentstrategyfornanomaterials AT nowackbernd environmentalriskassessmentstrategyfornanomaterials AT huntneil environmentalriskassessmentstrategyfornanomaterials AT hristozovdanail environmentalriskassessmentstrategyfornanomaterials AT marcominiantonio environmentalriskassessmentstrategyfornanomaterials AT irfanmuhammadadeel environmentalriskassessmentstrategyfornanomaterials AT jimenezaracelisanchez environmentalriskassessmentstrategyfornanomaterials AT landsiedelrobert environmentalriskassessmentstrategyfornanomaterials AT tranlang environmentalriskassessmentstrategyfornanomaterials AT oomenagnesg environmentalriskassessmentstrategyfornanomaterials AT bospetermj environmentalriskassessmentstrategyfornanomaterials AT hundrinkekerstin environmentalriskassessmentstrategyfornanomaterials |