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Maternal urogenital schistosomiasis; monitoring disease morbidity by simple reagent strips

BACKGROUND: Urine analysis is one of the recommended antenatal guidelines for early diagnosis of pregnancy-associated complications. While in practice, urine analysis by dipstick had been used to provide useful information on other urinary tract infections, its applications for early detection of ur...

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Autores principales: Oyeyemi, Oyetunde T., Odaibo, Alexander B.
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: Public Library of Science 2017
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5665599/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29091946
http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0187433
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author Oyeyemi, Oyetunde T.
Odaibo, Alexander B.
author_facet Oyeyemi, Oyetunde T.
Odaibo, Alexander B.
author_sort Oyeyemi, Oyetunde T.
collection PubMed
description BACKGROUND: Urine analysis is one of the recommended antenatal guidelines for early diagnosis of pregnancy-associated complications. While in practice, urine analysis by dipstick had been used to provide useful information on other urinary tract infections, its applications for early detection of urogenital schistosomiasis in pregnant women is often times not given due attention in most endemic areas. Our study therefore assessed the performance of some common urinalysis parameters in the diagnosis of maternal urogenital schistosomiasis in endemic rural communities of Nigeria. METHODOLOGY/PRINCIPAL FINDINGS: The cross-sectional epidemiologic survey of urogenital schistosomiasis was conducted among pregnant women in Yewa North Local Government, Ogun State, Nigeria. The women were microscopically examined for infection with Schistosoma haematobium, visually observed for macrohematuria, and screened for microhematuria and proteinuria using standard urine chemical reagent strips. Of 261 volunteered participants, 19.9% tested positive for S. haematobium infection. The proportion of microhematuria (23.8%) was significantly higher than that of macrohematuria (3.8%) and proteinuria (16.8%) (P<0.05). Microhematuria with sensitivity (82.7%) and specificity (89.0%) was the best diagnostic indicator of urogenital schistosomiasis. Macrohematuria with the least sensitivity (11.8%) was however the most specific (98.1%) for diagnosing urogenital schistosomiasis in pregnant women. Maximum microhematuria sensitivity (100.0%) was observed in women between 15–19 years but sensitivity was consistently low in older age groups. Maximum sensitivity, specificity and predictive values (100.0%) were recorded for microhematuria in first trimester women. Diagnostic efficiency of proteinuria and macrohematuria was also better in the first trimester women except the 25.0% specificity recorded for proteinuria. The overall diagnostic performance of microhematuria and proteinuria was better in secundigravidae. CONCLUSIONS/SIGNIFICANCE: Microhematuria can be used for early detection of urogenital schistosomiasis in endemic areas especially in younger women. However because microhematuria is a condition that occurs during pregnancy and in several other diseases, it is necessary to compliment the diagnosis with other diagnostic tools such as microscopy and serology. Treatment with praziquantel is recommended for the women in their late trimesters after follow up test in order to avert associated adverse pregnancy outcomes.
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spelling pubmed-56655992017-11-17 Maternal urogenital schistosomiasis; monitoring disease morbidity by simple reagent strips Oyeyemi, Oyetunde T. Odaibo, Alexander B. PLoS One Research Article BACKGROUND: Urine analysis is one of the recommended antenatal guidelines for early diagnosis of pregnancy-associated complications. While in practice, urine analysis by dipstick had been used to provide useful information on other urinary tract infections, its applications for early detection of urogenital schistosomiasis in pregnant women is often times not given due attention in most endemic areas. Our study therefore assessed the performance of some common urinalysis parameters in the diagnosis of maternal urogenital schistosomiasis in endemic rural communities of Nigeria. METHODOLOGY/PRINCIPAL FINDINGS: The cross-sectional epidemiologic survey of urogenital schistosomiasis was conducted among pregnant women in Yewa North Local Government, Ogun State, Nigeria. The women were microscopically examined for infection with Schistosoma haematobium, visually observed for macrohematuria, and screened for microhematuria and proteinuria using standard urine chemical reagent strips. Of 261 volunteered participants, 19.9% tested positive for S. haematobium infection. The proportion of microhematuria (23.8%) was significantly higher than that of macrohematuria (3.8%) and proteinuria (16.8%) (P<0.05). Microhematuria with sensitivity (82.7%) and specificity (89.0%) was the best diagnostic indicator of urogenital schistosomiasis. Macrohematuria with the least sensitivity (11.8%) was however the most specific (98.1%) for diagnosing urogenital schistosomiasis in pregnant women. Maximum microhematuria sensitivity (100.0%) was observed in women between 15–19 years but sensitivity was consistently low in older age groups. Maximum sensitivity, specificity and predictive values (100.0%) were recorded for microhematuria in first trimester women. Diagnostic efficiency of proteinuria and macrohematuria was also better in the first trimester women except the 25.0% specificity recorded for proteinuria. The overall diagnostic performance of microhematuria and proteinuria was better in secundigravidae. CONCLUSIONS/SIGNIFICANCE: Microhematuria can be used for early detection of urogenital schistosomiasis in endemic areas especially in younger women. However because microhematuria is a condition that occurs during pregnancy and in several other diseases, it is necessary to compliment the diagnosis with other diagnostic tools such as microscopy and serology. Treatment with praziquantel is recommended for the women in their late trimesters after follow up test in order to avert associated adverse pregnancy outcomes. Public Library of Science 2017-11-01 /pmc/articles/PMC5665599/ /pubmed/29091946 http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0187433 Text en © 2017 Oyeyemi, Odaibo http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/) , which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.
spellingShingle Research Article
Oyeyemi, Oyetunde T.
Odaibo, Alexander B.
Maternal urogenital schistosomiasis; monitoring disease morbidity by simple reagent strips
title Maternal urogenital schistosomiasis; monitoring disease morbidity by simple reagent strips
title_full Maternal urogenital schistosomiasis; monitoring disease morbidity by simple reagent strips
title_fullStr Maternal urogenital schistosomiasis; monitoring disease morbidity by simple reagent strips
title_full_unstemmed Maternal urogenital schistosomiasis; monitoring disease morbidity by simple reagent strips
title_short Maternal urogenital schistosomiasis; monitoring disease morbidity by simple reagent strips
title_sort maternal urogenital schistosomiasis; monitoring disease morbidity by simple reagent strips
topic Research Article
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5665599/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29091946
http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0187433
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