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µ-Conotoxins Modulating Sodium Currents in Pain Perception and Transmission: A Therapeutic Potential
The Conus genus includes around 500 species of marine mollusks with a peculiar production of venomous peptides known as conotoxins (CTX). Each species is able to produce up to 200 different biological active peptides. Common structure of CTX is the low number of amino acids stabilized by disulfide b...
Autores principales: | , , |
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
Publicado: |
MDPI
2017
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Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5666403/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28937587 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/md15100295 |
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author | Tosti, Elisabetta Boni, Raffaele Gallo, Alessandra |
author_facet | Tosti, Elisabetta Boni, Raffaele Gallo, Alessandra |
author_sort | Tosti, Elisabetta |
collection | PubMed |
description | The Conus genus includes around 500 species of marine mollusks with a peculiar production of venomous peptides known as conotoxins (CTX). Each species is able to produce up to 200 different biological active peptides. Common structure of CTX is the low number of amino acids stabilized by disulfide bridges and post-translational modifications that give rise to different isoforms. µ and µO-CTX are two isoforms that specifically target voltage-gated sodium channels. These, by inducing the entrance of sodium ions in the cell, modulate the neuronal excitability by depolarizing plasma membrane and propagating the action potential. Hyperexcitability and mutations of sodium channels are responsible for perception and transmission of inflammatory and neuropathic pain states. In this review, we describe the current knowledge of µ-CTX interacting with the different sodium channels subtypes, the mechanism of action and their potential therapeutic use as analgesic compounds in the clinical management of pain conditions. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-5666403 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2017 |
publisher | MDPI |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-56664032017-11-09 µ-Conotoxins Modulating Sodium Currents in Pain Perception and Transmission: A Therapeutic Potential Tosti, Elisabetta Boni, Raffaele Gallo, Alessandra Mar Drugs Review The Conus genus includes around 500 species of marine mollusks with a peculiar production of venomous peptides known as conotoxins (CTX). Each species is able to produce up to 200 different biological active peptides. Common structure of CTX is the low number of amino acids stabilized by disulfide bridges and post-translational modifications that give rise to different isoforms. µ and µO-CTX are two isoforms that specifically target voltage-gated sodium channels. These, by inducing the entrance of sodium ions in the cell, modulate the neuronal excitability by depolarizing plasma membrane and propagating the action potential. Hyperexcitability and mutations of sodium channels are responsible for perception and transmission of inflammatory and neuropathic pain states. In this review, we describe the current knowledge of µ-CTX interacting with the different sodium channels subtypes, the mechanism of action and their potential therapeutic use as analgesic compounds in the clinical management of pain conditions. MDPI 2017-09-22 /pmc/articles/PMC5666403/ /pubmed/28937587 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/md15100295 Text en © 2017 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/). |
spellingShingle | Review Tosti, Elisabetta Boni, Raffaele Gallo, Alessandra µ-Conotoxins Modulating Sodium Currents in Pain Perception and Transmission: A Therapeutic Potential |
title | µ-Conotoxins Modulating Sodium Currents in Pain Perception and Transmission: A Therapeutic Potential |
title_full | µ-Conotoxins Modulating Sodium Currents in Pain Perception and Transmission: A Therapeutic Potential |
title_fullStr | µ-Conotoxins Modulating Sodium Currents in Pain Perception and Transmission: A Therapeutic Potential |
title_full_unstemmed | µ-Conotoxins Modulating Sodium Currents in Pain Perception and Transmission: A Therapeutic Potential |
title_short | µ-Conotoxins Modulating Sodium Currents in Pain Perception and Transmission: A Therapeutic Potential |
title_sort | µ-conotoxins modulating sodium currents in pain perception and transmission: a therapeutic potential |
topic | Review |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5666403/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28937587 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/md15100295 |
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