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Challenges and Strategies for Improving the Regenerative Effects of Mesenchymal Stromal Cell-Based Therapies

Cell-based therapies have the potential to revolutionize current treatments for diseases with high prevalence and related economic and social burden. Unfortunately, clinical trials have made only modest improvements in restoring normal function to degenerating tissues. This limitation is due, at lea...

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Autores principales: Baldari, Silvia, Di Rocco, Giuliana, Piccoli, Martina, Pozzobon, Michela, Muraca, Maurizio, Toietta, Gabriele
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: MDPI 2017
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5666769/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28974046
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms18102087
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author Baldari, Silvia
Di Rocco, Giuliana
Piccoli, Martina
Pozzobon, Michela
Muraca, Maurizio
Toietta, Gabriele
author_facet Baldari, Silvia
Di Rocco, Giuliana
Piccoli, Martina
Pozzobon, Michela
Muraca, Maurizio
Toietta, Gabriele
author_sort Baldari, Silvia
collection PubMed
description Cell-based therapies have the potential to revolutionize current treatments for diseases with high prevalence and related economic and social burden. Unfortunately, clinical trials have made only modest improvements in restoring normal function to degenerating tissues. This limitation is due, at least in part, to the death of transplanted cells within a few hours after transplant due to a combination of mechanical, cellular, and host factors. In particular, mechanical stress during implantation, extracellular matrix loss upon delivery, nutrient and oxygen deprivation at the recipient site, and host inflammatory response are detrimental factors limiting long-term transplanted cell survival. The beneficial effect of cell therapy for regenerative medicine ultimately depends on the number of administered cells reaching the target tissue, their viability, and their promotion of tissue regeneration. Therefore, strategies aiming at improving viable cell engraftment are crucial for regenerative medicine. Here we review the major factors that hamper successful cell engraftment and the strategies that have been studied to enhance the beneficial effects of cell therapy. Moreover, we provide a perspective on whether mesenchymal stromal cell-derived extracellular vesicle delivery, as a cell-free regenerative approach, may circumvent current cell therapy limitations.
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spelling pubmed-56667692017-11-09 Challenges and Strategies for Improving the Regenerative Effects of Mesenchymal Stromal Cell-Based Therapies Baldari, Silvia Di Rocco, Giuliana Piccoli, Martina Pozzobon, Michela Muraca, Maurizio Toietta, Gabriele Int J Mol Sci Review Cell-based therapies have the potential to revolutionize current treatments for diseases with high prevalence and related economic and social burden. Unfortunately, clinical trials have made only modest improvements in restoring normal function to degenerating tissues. This limitation is due, at least in part, to the death of transplanted cells within a few hours after transplant due to a combination of mechanical, cellular, and host factors. In particular, mechanical stress during implantation, extracellular matrix loss upon delivery, nutrient and oxygen deprivation at the recipient site, and host inflammatory response are detrimental factors limiting long-term transplanted cell survival. The beneficial effect of cell therapy for regenerative medicine ultimately depends on the number of administered cells reaching the target tissue, their viability, and their promotion of tissue regeneration. Therefore, strategies aiming at improving viable cell engraftment are crucial for regenerative medicine. Here we review the major factors that hamper successful cell engraftment and the strategies that have been studied to enhance the beneficial effects of cell therapy. Moreover, we provide a perspective on whether mesenchymal stromal cell-derived extracellular vesicle delivery, as a cell-free regenerative approach, may circumvent current cell therapy limitations. MDPI 2017-10-02 /pmc/articles/PMC5666769/ /pubmed/28974046 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms18102087 Text en © 2017 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).
spellingShingle Review
Baldari, Silvia
Di Rocco, Giuliana
Piccoli, Martina
Pozzobon, Michela
Muraca, Maurizio
Toietta, Gabriele
Challenges and Strategies for Improving the Regenerative Effects of Mesenchymal Stromal Cell-Based Therapies
title Challenges and Strategies for Improving the Regenerative Effects of Mesenchymal Stromal Cell-Based Therapies
title_full Challenges and Strategies for Improving the Regenerative Effects of Mesenchymal Stromal Cell-Based Therapies
title_fullStr Challenges and Strategies for Improving the Regenerative Effects of Mesenchymal Stromal Cell-Based Therapies
title_full_unstemmed Challenges and Strategies for Improving the Regenerative Effects of Mesenchymal Stromal Cell-Based Therapies
title_short Challenges and Strategies for Improving the Regenerative Effects of Mesenchymal Stromal Cell-Based Therapies
title_sort challenges and strategies for improving the regenerative effects of mesenchymal stromal cell-based therapies
topic Review
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5666769/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28974046
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms18102087
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