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Pain of methadone-maintained heroin addicts: lonelier individuals feel more intense pain

Managing pain in patients with heroin addiction is challenging, because most pain medications are addictive. A promising way to relieve pain of heroin addicts is to identify and address modifiable psychosocial factors associated with pain. This study examined the association between loneliness and p...

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Autores principales: Li, Fu, Xu, Yan-Min, Zhu, Jun-Hong, Lu, Jin, Zhong, Bao-Liang
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: Impact Journals LLC 2017
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5668109/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29108376
http://dx.doi.org/10.18632/oncotarget.20387
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author Li, Fu
Xu, Yan-Min
Zhu, Jun-Hong
Lu, Jin
Zhong, Bao-Liang
author_facet Li, Fu
Xu, Yan-Min
Zhu, Jun-Hong
Lu, Jin
Zhong, Bao-Liang
author_sort Li, Fu
collection PubMed
description Managing pain in patients with heroin addiction is challenging, because most pain medications are addictive. A promising way to relieve pain of heroin addicts is to identify and address modifiable psychosocial factors associated with pain. This study examined the association between loneliness and pain intensity in Chinese heroin addicts receiving methadone maintenance treatment (MMT). A consecutive sample of 603 heroin addicts were recruited from three MMT clinics in Wuhan, China. Loneliness was assessed with a single question, and socio-demographic and clinical data were collected with a standardized questionnaire. Pain intensity was assessed with the five-point Verbal Rating Scale. Multiple ordinary logistic regression was used to control for potential confounders that may bias the loneliness-pain relationship. There was a significant and positive correlation between pain intensity and loneliness scores among methadone-maintained heroin addicts (r = 0.453, P < 0.001). After controlling for potential socio-demographic and clinical confounders, an increase in the level of loneliness was significantly associated with an increase in pain intensity (OR = 1.22, P = 0.042). Loneliness is significantly associated with pain of methadone-maintained heroin addicts. Psychosocial interventions aimed at reducing loneliness might prevent or reduce pain of patients receiving MMT.
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spelling pubmed-56681092017-11-04 Pain of methadone-maintained heroin addicts: lonelier individuals feel more intense pain Li, Fu Xu, Yan-Min Zhu, Jun-Hong Lu, Jin Zhong, Bao-Liang Oncotarget Clinical Research Paper Managing pain in patients with heroin addiction is challenging, because most pain medications are addictive. A promising way to relieve pain of heroin addicts is to identify and address modifiable psychosocial factors associated with pain. This study examined the association between loneliness and pain intensity in Chinese heroin addicts receiving methadone maintenance treatment (MMT). A consecutive sample of 603 heroin addicts were recruited from three MMT clinics in Wuhan, China. Loneliness was assessed with a single question, and socio-demographic and clinical data were collected with a standardized questionnaire. Pain intensity was assessed with the five-point Verbal Rating Scale. Multiple ordinary logistic regression was used to control for potential confounders that may bias the loneliness-pain relationship. There was a significant and positive correlation between pain intensity and loneliness scores among methadone-maintained heroin addicts (r = 0.453, P < 0.001). After controlling for potential socio-demographic and clinical confounders, an increase in the level of loneliness was significantly associated with an increase in pain intensity (OR = 1.22, P = 0.042). Loneliness is significantly associated with pain of methadone-maintained heroin addicts. Psychosocial interventions aimed at reducing loneliness might prevent or reduce pain of patients receiving MMT. Impact Journals LLC 2017-08-22 /pmc/articles/PMC5668109/ /pubmed/29108376 http://dx.doi.org/10.18632/oncotarget.20387 Text en Copyright: © 2017 Li et al. http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/ This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/) 3.0 (CC BY 3.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.
spellingShingle Clinical Research Paper
Li, Fu
Xu, Yan-Min
Zhu, Jun-Hong
Lu, Jin
Zhong, Bao-Liang
Pain of methadone-maintained heroin addicts: lonelier individuals feel more intense pain
title Pain of methadone-maintained heroin addicts: lonelier individuals feel more intense pain
title_full Pain of methadone-maintained heroin addicts: lonelier individuals feel more intense pain
title_fullStr Pain of methadone-maintained heroin addicts: lonelier individuals feel more intense pain
title_full_unstemmed Pain of methadone-maintained heroin addicts: lonelier individuals feel more intense pain
title_short Pain of methadone-maintained heroin addicts: lonelier individuals feel more intense pain
title_sort pain of methadone-maintained heroin addicts: lonelier individuals feel more intense pain
topic Clinical Research Paper
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5668109/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29108376
http://dx.doi.org/10.18632/oncotarget.20387
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