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The Effect of Polyherbal Medicines Used for the Treatment of Tuberculosis on Other Opportunistic Organisms of Humans Infected with Tuberculosis
BACKGROUND: In many immunocompromised patients, opportunistic bacterial and fungal infections are common. Polyherbal medicines examined in this study are used by the indigenous people of South Africa for the treatment of tuberculosis (TB) and other opportunistic infections associated with TB. OBJECT...
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
Publicado: |
Medknow Publications & Media Pvt Ltd
2017
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Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5669094/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29142411 http://dx.doi.org/10.4103/pm.pm_468_16 |
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author | Famewo, Elizabeth Bosede Clarke, Anna Maria Afolayan, Anthony Jide |
author_facet | Famewo, Elizabeth Bosede Clarke, Anna Maria Afolayan, Anthony Jide |
author_sort | Famewo, Elizabeth Bosede |
collection | PubMed |
description | BACKGROUND: In many immunocompromised patients, opportunistic bacterial and fungal infections are common. Polyherbal medicines examined in this study are used by the indigenous people of South Africa for the treatment of tuberculosis (TB) and other opportunistic infections associated with TB. OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the antibacterial and antifungal activity of nine polyherbal remedies against four Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria respectively and three fungi. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Agar dilution method was used to determine the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of the remedies against the organisms. RESULTS: The inhibitory activity of the polyherbal medicines based on the overall MIC revealed that HBfs and FB remedies were the most active remedies against the bacterial isolates at the concentration of 2.5 mg/mL, followed by HBts remedy at 5.0 mg/mL. However, the MIC valves of KWTa, KWTb, KWTc, HBss, EL and AL remedies were higher than 5.0 mg/mL which was the highest concentration used. Only KWTa remedy showed activity against Aspergillus niger and Aspergillus fumigatus with the MIC value of 2.5 mg/mL. While KWTc and HBts had the highest activity at 1.25 mg/mL against Candida albicans, the remaining remedies were active at 2.5 mg/mL. CONCLUSION: This study revealed that some of these polyherbal formulations have activities against some of the opportunistic bacterial and fungal isolates associated with TB patients. The capability of these remedies to inhibit the organisms is an indication that they are a potential broad-spectrum antimicrobial agent. However, the remedies that are inactive might contain stimulant effects on the immune system. SUMMARY: In the Eastern Cape Province of South Africa, no study has been reported on the effect of polyherbal remedies used for the treatment of TB on the opportunistic pathogen. This study therefore revealed that some of the polyherbal medicines possess activity against bacterial and fungal pathogens. [Image: see text] Abbreviations used: TB: Tuberculosis; MIC: Minimum Inhibitory Concentration; CFU/ML: Colony Forming Unit Per Mill. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-5669094 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2017 |
publisher | Medknow Publications & Media Pvt Ltd |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-56690942017-11-15 The Effect of Polyherbal Medicines Used for the Treatment of Tuberculosis on Other Opportunistic Organisms of Humans Infected with Tuberculosis Famewo, Elizabeth Bosede Clarke, Anna Maria Afolayan, Anthony Jide Pharmacogn Mag Original Article BACKGROUND: In many immunocompromised patients, opportunistic bacterial and fungal infections are common. Polyherbal medicines examined in this study are used by the indigenous people of South Africa for the treatment of tuberculosis (TB) and other opportunistic infections associated with TB. OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the antibacterial and antifungal activity of nine polyherbal remedies against four Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria respectively and three fungi. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Agar dilution method was used to determine the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of the remedies against the organisms. RESULTS: The inhibitory activity of the polyherbal medicines based on the overall MIC revealed that HBfs and FB remedies were the most active remedies against the bacterial isolates at the concentration of 2.5 mg/mL, followed by HBts remedy at 5.0 mg/mL. However, the MIC valves of KWTa, KWTb, KWTc, HBss, EL and AL remedies were higher than 5.0 mg/mL which was the highest concentration used. Only KWTa remedy showed activity against Aspergillus niger and Aspergillus fumigatus with the MIC value of 2.5 mg/mL. While KWTc and HBts had the highest activity at 1.25 mg/mL against Candida albicans, the remaining remedies were active at 2.5 mg/mL. CONCLUSION: This study revealed that some of these polyherbal formulations have activities against some of the opportunistic bacterial and fungal isolates associated with TB patients. The capability of these remedies to inhibit the organisms is an indication that they are a potential broad-spectrum antimicrobial agent. However, the remedies that are inactive might contain stimulant effects on the immune system. SUMMARY: In the Eastern Cape Province of South Africa, no study has been reported on the effect of polyherbal remedies used for the treatment of TB on the opportunistic pathogen. This study therefore revealed that some of the polyherbal medicines possess activity against bacterial and fungal pathogens. [Image: see text] Abbreviations used: TB: Tuberculosis; MIC: Minimum Inhibitory Concentration; CFU/ML: Colony Forming Unit Per Mill. Medknow Publications & Media Pvt Ltd 2017-10 2017-10-11 /pmc/articles/PMC5669094/ /pubmed/29142411 http://dx.doi.org/10.4103/pm.pm_468_16 Text en Copyright: © 2017 Pharmacognosy Magazine http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0 This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 3.0 License, which allows others to remix, tweak, and build upon the work non-commercially, as long as the author is credited and the new creations are licensed under the identical terms. |
spellingShingle | Original Article Famewo, Elizabeth Bosede Clarke, Anna Maria Afolayan, Anthony Jide The Effect of Polyherbal Medicines Used for the Treatment of Tuberculosis on Other Opportunistic Organisms of Humans Infected with Tuberculosis |
title | The Effect of Polyherbal Medicines Used for the Treatment of Tuberculosis on Other Opportunistic Organisms of Humans Infected with Tuberculosis |
title_full | The Effect of Polyherbal Medicines Used for the Treatment of Tuberculosis on Other Opportunistic Organisms of Humans Infected with Tuberculosis |
title_fullStr | The Effect of Polyherbal Medicines Used for the Treatment of Tuberculosis on Other Opportunistic Organisms of Humans Infected with Tuberculosis |
title_full_unstemmed | The Effect of Polyherbal Medicines Used for the Treatment of Tuberculosis on Other Opportunistic Organisms of Humans Infected with Tuberculosis |
title_short | The Effect of Polyherbal Medicines Used for the Treatment of Tuberculosis on Other Opportunistic Organisms of Humans Infected with Tuberculosis |
title_sort | effect of polyherbal medicines used for the treatment of tuberculosis on other opportunistic organisms of humans infected with tuberculosis |
topic | Original Article |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5669094/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29142411 http://dx.doi.org/10.4103/pm.pm_468_16 |
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