Is it possible to implement a complex adaptive systems approach for marine systems? The experience of Italy and the Adriatic Sea

• This paper evaluates the implementation of the MSFD in the Adriatic Sea. • The MSFD is the first policy for marine complex adaptive systems in the EU. • Ecological and jurisdictional boundaries overlap and cross-border cooperation is low. • Integrative assessments of marine systems may be impossible to achieve. • Relative isolation of theoretical approaches and management practices.