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Impact of Chronic Viral Infection on T-Cell Dependent Humoral Immune Response

During the last decades, considerable efforts have been done to decipher mechanisms supported by microorganisms or viruses involved in the development, differentiation, and function of immune cells. Pathogens and their associated secretome as well as the continuous inflammation observed in chronic i...

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Autores principales: Rodriguez, Stéphane, Roussel, Mikaël, Tarte, Karin, Amé-Thomas, Patricia
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: Frontiers Media S.A. 2017
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5671495/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29163507
http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fimmu.2017.01434
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author Rodriguez, Stéphane
Roussel, Mikaël
Tarte, Karin
Amé-Thomas, Patricia
author_facet Rodriguez, Stéphane
Roussel, Mikaël
Tarte, Karin
Amé-Thomas, Patricia
author_sort Rodriguez, Stéphane
collection PubMed
description During the last decades, considerable efforts have been done to decipher mechanisms supported by microorganisms or viruses involved in the development, differentiation, and function of immune cells. Pathogens and their associated secretome as well as the continuous inflammation observed in chronic infection are shaping both innate and adaptive immunity. Secondary lymphoid organs are functional structures ensuring the mounting of adaptive immune response against microorganisms and viruses. Inside these organs, germinal centers (GCs) are the specialized sites where mature B-cell differentiation occurs leading to the release of high-affinity immunoglobulin (Ig)-secreting cells. Different steps are critical to complete B-cell differentiation process, including proliferation, somatic hypermutations in Ig variable genes, affinity-based selection, and class switch recombination. All these steps require intense interactions with cognate CD4(+) helper T cells belonging to follicular helper lineage. Interestingly, pathogens can disturb this subtle machinery affecting the classical adaptive immune response. In this review, we describe how viruses could act directly on GC B cells, either through B-cell infection or by their contribution to B-cell cancer development and maintenance. In addition, we depict the indirect impact of viruses on B-cell response through infection of GC T cells and stromal cells, leading to immune response modulation.
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spelling pubmed-56714952017-11-21 Impact of Chronic Viral Infection on T-Cell Dependent Humoral Immune Response Rodriguez, Stéphane Roussel, Mikaël Tarte, Karin Amé-Thomas, Patricia Front Immunol Immunology During the last decades, considerable efforts have been done to decipher mechanisms supported by microorganisms or viruses involved in the development, differentiation, and function of immune cells. Pathogens and their associated secretome as well as the continuous inflammation observed in chronic infection are shaping both innate and adaptive immunity. Secondary lymphoid organs are functional structures ensuring the mounting of adaptive immune response against microorganisms and viruses. Inside these organs, germinal centers (GCs) are the specialized sites where mature B-cell differentiation occurs leading to the release of high-affinity immunoglobulin (Ig)-secreting cells. Different steps are critical to complete B-cell differentiation process, including proliferation, somatic hypermutations in Ig variable genes, affinity-based selection, and class switch recombination. All these steps require intense interactions with cognate CD4(+) helper T cells belonging to follicular helper lineage. Interestingly, pathogens can disturb this subtle machinery affecting the classical adaptive immune response. In this review, we describe how viruses could act directly on GC B cells, either through B-cell infection or by their contribution to B-cell cancer development and maintenance. In addition, we depict the indirect impact of viruses on B-cell response through infection of GC T cells and stromal cells, leading to immune response modulation. Frontiers Media S.A. 2017-10-31 /pmc/articles/PMC5671495/ /pubmed/29163507 http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fimmu.2017.01434 Text en Copyright © 2017 Rodriguez, Roussel, Tarte and Amé-Thomas. http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) or licensor are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.
spellingShingle Immunology
Rodriguez, Stéphane
Roussel, Mikaël
Tarte, Karin
Amé-Thomas, Patricia
Impact of Chronic Viral Infection on T-Cell Dependent Humoral Immune Response
title Impact of Chronic Viral Infection on T-Cell Dependent Humoral Immune Response
title_full Impact of Chronic Viral Infection on T-Cell Dependent Humoral Immune Response
title_fullStr Impact of Chronic Viral Infection on T-Cell Dependent Humoral Immune Response
title_full_unstemmed Impact of Chronic Viral Infection on T-Cell Dependent Humoral Immune Response
title_short Impact of Chronic Viral Infection on T-Cell Dependent Humoral Immune Response
title_sort impact of chronic viral infection on t-cell dependent humoral immune response
topic Immunology
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5671495/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29163507
http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fimmu.2017.01434
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