Incidence of Otologic Symptoms and Evaluation of the Organ of Hearing in Patients with Temporomandibular Disorders (TDM)

BACKGROUND: Numerous studies have discussed cases of concomitant temporomandibular disorders (TMD) and otologic symptoms (OS). However, attempts to determine the true origin of these symptoms combined with assessments of the condition of the organ of hearing are relatively rare. This study aimed to evaluate the frequency and type of OS in patients with TMD, and attempted to determine the origin of the OS in the studied group of patients. MATERIAL/METHODS: 246 patients, aged 40.08±11.12 years (F=147, M=99) with TMD, from the Department of Oral Rehabilitation of Poznan University of Medical Sciences. Methods: dental history interviews and clinical examinations. There were 2 groups–G1 and G2–selected on the basis of the presence or absence of OS in the medical history stage. After audiological evaluation, 2 subgroups were identified: G1.1 and G1.2. RESULTS: OS were observed in 36.18% (G1). In 48 patients (53.93%), the audiological evaluation found there was no impairment of the organ of hearing (G1.2). Audiological abnormalities were found in 46.07% (n=41) of the patients (G1.1). The OS which differentiated the 2 groups were a plugging sensation as well as otalgia (more frequent in group G1.2) and hearing impairment (more frequent in group G1.1). CONCLUSIONS: 1. The OS which most frequently accompany with TMD were fullness and otalgia. 2. It is recommended that a subjective assessment of hearing loss in patients with TMD and concomitant OS should be included in the medical history stage. 3. Clicking and popping are significantly more frequent in patients without concomitant hearing impairment.