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Distribution and identification of sand flies naturally infected with Leishmania from the Southeastern Peruvian Amazon

BACKGROUND: Cutaneous leishmaniasis (CL) is an important health problem in the New World affecting civilian and military populations that are frequently exposed in endemic settings. The Peruvian region of Madre de Dios located near the border with Brazil is one of the most endemic CL regions in Sout...

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Autores principales: Zorrilla, Victor, De Los Santos, Maxy B., Espada, Liz, Santos, Rocío del Pilar, Fernandez, Roberto, Urquia, Albino, Stoops, Craig A., Ballard, Sarah-Blythe, Lescano, Andres G., Vásquez, Gissella M., Valdivia, Hugo O.
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: Public Library of Science 2017
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5673161/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29107954
http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pntd.0006029
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author Zorrilla, Victor
De Los Santos, Maxy B.
Espada, Liz
Santos, Rocío del Pilar
Fernandez, Roberto
Urquia, Albino
Stoops, Craig A.
Ballard, Sarah-Blythe
Lescano, Andres G.
Vásquez, Gissella M.
Valdivia, Hugo O.
author_facet Zorrilla, Victor
De Los Santos, Maxy B.
Espada, Liz
Santos, Rocío del Pilar
Fernandez, Roberto
Urquia, Albino
Stoops, Craig A.
Ballard, Sarah-Blythe
Lescano, Andres G.
Vásquez, Gissella M.
Valdivia, Hugo O.
author_sort Zorrilla, Victor
collection PubMed
description BACKGROUND: Cutaneous leishmaniasis (CL) is an important health problem in the New World affecting civilian and military populations that are frequently exposed in endemic settings. The Peruvian region of Madre de Dios located near the border with Brazil is one of the most endemic CL regions in South America with more than 4,451 reported cases between 2010 and 2015 according to the Peruvian epidemiology directorate. However, little is known regarding the diversity and distribution of sand fly vectors in this region. In this study, we aimed to characterize the sand fly fauna in this endemic setting and identify sand fly species naturally infected with Leishmania possibly involved in pathogen transmission. METHODS: Sand fly collections were carried out during 2014 and 2015 in the communities of Flor de Acre, Villa Primavera, Mavila and Arca Pacahuara using CDC light traps and Shannon traps. Collected specimens were identified and non-blood-fed females were selected for Leishmania infection screening using kinetoplastid DNA-PCR (kDNA-PCR) and nested Real time PCR for species identification. RESULTS: A total of 10,897 phlebotomines belonging to the genus Lutzomyia (58 species) and Brumptomyia (2 species) were collected. Our study confirmed the widespread distribution and abundance of Lutzomyia (Trichophoromyia) spp. (24%), Lu. whitmani (19.4%) and Lu. yucumensis (15.8%) in the region. Analysis of Shannon diversity index indicates variability in sand fly composition across sites with Villa Primavera presenting the highest sand fly diversity and abundance. Leishmania screening by kDNA-PCR resulted in 45 positive pools collected from Flor de Acre (34 pools), Mavila (10 pools) and Arca Pacahuara (1 pool) and included 14 species: Lu. yucumensis, Lu. aragoi, Lu. sallesi, Lu. sherlocki, Lu. shawi, Lu. walkeri, Lu nevesi, Lu. migonei, Lu. davisi, Lu. carrerai, Lu. hirsuta, Lu. (Trichophoromyia) spp., Lu. llanosmartinsi and Lu. whitmani. Lutzomyia sherlocki, Lu. walkeri and Lu. llanosmartinsi had the highest infection rates (8%, 7% and 6%, respectively). We identified Leishmania guyanensis in two Lu. whitmani pools, and L. braziliensis in two Lu. llanosmartinsi pools and one Lu. davisi pool. CONCLUSIONS: Based on our collections there is high sand fly diversity in Madre de Dios, with differences in sand fly abundance and species composition across sites. We identified 14 sand fly species naturally infected with Leishmania spp., having detected natural infection with L. (V.) guyanensis and L. (V.) braziliensis in three sand fly species. These results suggest the presence of several potential vectors that vary in their spatial and geographical distribution, which could explain the high prevalence of CL cases in this region.
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spelling pubmed-56731612017-11-18 Distribution and identification of sand flies naturally infected with Leishmania from the Southeastern Peruvian Amazon Zorrilla, Victor De Los Santos, Maxy B. Espada, Liz Santos, Rocío del Pilar Fernandez, Roberto Urquia, Albino Stoops, Craig A. Ballard, Sarah-Blythe Lescano, Andres G. Vásquez, Gissella M. Valdivia, Hugo O. PLoS Negl Trop Dis Research Article BACKGROUND: Cutaneous leishmaniasis (CL) is an important health problem in the New World affecting civilian and military populations that are frequently exposed in endemic settings. The Peruvian region of Madre de Dios located near the border with Brazil is one of the most endemic CL regions in South America with more than 4,451 reported cases between 2010 and 2015 according to the Peruvian epidemiology directorate. However, little is known regarding the diversity and distribution of sand fly vectors in this region. In this study, we aimed to characterize the sand fly fauna in this endemic setting and identify sand fly species naturally infected with Leishmania possibly involved in pathogen transmission. METHODS: Sand fly collections were carried out during 2014 and 2015 in the communities of Flor de Acre, Villa Primavera, Mavila and Arca Pacahuara using CDC light traps and Shannon traps. Collected specimens were identified and non-blood-fed females were selected for Leishmania infection screening using kinetoplastid DNA-PCR (kDNA-PCR) and nested Real time PCR for species identification. RESULTS: A total of 10,897 phlebotomines belonging to the genus Lutzomyia (58 species) and Brumptomyia (2 species) were collected. Our study confirmed the widespread distribution and abundance of Lutzomyia (Trichophoromyia) spp. (24%), Lu. whitmani (19.4%) and Lu. yucumensis (15.8%) in the region. Analysis of Shannon diversity index indicates variability in sand fly composition across sites with Villa Primavera presenting the highest sand fly diversity and abundance. Leishmania screening by kDNA-PCR resulted in 45 positive pools collected from Flor de Acre (34 pools), Mavila (10 pools) and Arca Pacahuara (1 pool) and included 14 species: Lu. yucumensis, Lu. aragoi, Lu. sallesi, Lu. sherlocki, Lu. shawi, Lu. walkeri, Lu nevesi, Lu. migonei, Lu. davisi, Lu. carrerai, Lu. hirsuta, Lu. (Trichophoromyia) spp., Lu. llanosmartinsi and Lu. whitmani. Lutzomyia sherlocki, Lu. walkeri and Lu. llanosmartinsi had the highest infection rates (8%, 7% and 6%, respectively). We identified Leishmania guyanensis in two Lu. whitmani pools, and L. braziliensis in two Lu. llanosmartinsi pools and one Lu. davisi pool. CONCLUSIONS: Based on our collections there is high sand fly diversity in Madre de Dios, with differences in sand fly abundance and species composition across sites. We identified 14 sand fly species naturally infected with Leishmania spp., having detected natural infection with L. (V.) guyanensis and L. (V.) braziliensis in three sand fly species. These results suggest the presence of several potential vectors that vary in their spatial and geographical distribution, which could explain the high prevalence of CL cases in this region. Public Library of Science 2017-11-06 /pmc/articles/PMC5673161/ /pubmed/29107954 http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pntd.0006029 Text en https://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/ This is an open access article, free of all copyright, and may be freely reproduced, distributed, transmitted, modified, built upon, or otherwise used by anyone for any lawful purpose. The work is made available under the Creative Commons CC0 (https://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/) public domain dedication.
spellingShingle Research Article
Zorrilla, Victor
De Los Santos, Maxy B.
Espada, Liz
Santos, Rocío del Pilar
Fernandez, Roberto
Urquia, Albino
Stoops, Craig A.
Ballard, Sarah-Blythe
Lescano, Andres G.
Vásquez, Gissella M.
Valdivia, Hugo O.
Distribution and identification of sand flies naturally infected with Leishmania from the Southeastern Peruvian Amazon
title Distribution and identification of sand flies naturally infected with Leishmania from the Southeastern Peruvian Amazon
title_full Distribution and identification of sand flies naturally infected with Leishmania from the Southeastern Peruvian Amazon
title_fullStr Distribution and identification of sand flies naturally infected with Leishmania from the Southeastern Peruvian Amazon
title_full_unstemmed Distribution and identification of sand flies naturally infected with Leishmania from the Southeastern Peruvian Amazon
title_short Distribution and identification of sand flies naturally infected with Leishmania from the Southeastern Peruvian Amazon
title_sort distribution and identification of sand flies naturally infected with leishmania from the southeastern peruvian amazon
topic Research Article
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5673161/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29107954
http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pntd.0006029
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