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Sporotrichosis: an update on epidemiology, etiopathogenesis, laboratory and clinical therapeutics

In the late 90's there was a change in both the route of transmission and the people at risk for sporotrichosis. This zoonotic cat-man alternative transmission route elicited changes in strategies to control the epidemic. There was a progressive increase in the number of cases involving especia...

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Autores principales: Orofino-Costa, Rosane, de Macedo, Priscila Marques, Rodrigues, Anderson Messias, Bernardes-Engemann, Andréa Reis
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: Sociedade Brasileira de Dermatologia 2017
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5674690/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29166494
http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/abd1806-4841.2017279
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author Orofino-Costa, Rosane
de Macedo, Priscila Marques
Rodrigues, Anderson Messias
Bernardes-Engemann, Andréa Reis
author_facet Orofino-Costa, Rosane
de Macedo, Priscila Marques
Rodrigues, Anderson Messias
Bernardes-Engemann, Andréa Reis
author_sort Orofino-Costa, Rosane
collection PubMed
description In the late 90's there was a change in both the route of transmission and the people at risk for sporotrichosis. This zoonotic cat-man alternative transmission route elicited changes in strategies to control the epidemic. There was a progressive increase in the number of cases involving especially children and the elderly. In addition to becoming hyperendemic, uncommon clinical pictures like immunoreactive clinical presentations or severe systemic cases have emerged. New species were identified and classified through molecular tools using more virulent clinical isolates, like S. brasiliensis, compared to the environmental isolates. Likewise, different species of Sporothrix have been associated with different geographic regions. The serological and molecular techniques are used as an auxiliary tool for the diagnosis and/or for species identification, although the isolation and the identification of Sporothrix spp. in clinical specimen is still the gold standard. Currently sporotrichosis epidemics requires the knowledge of the epidemiological-molecular profile to control the disease and the specific treatment. Itraconazole, potassium iodide, terfinafine, and amphotericin B are the available drugs in Brazil to treat sporotrichosis. The drug of choice, its posology, and treatment duration vary according to the clinical presentation, the Sporothrix species, and host immune status. New treatment choices, including a vaccine, are being developed; nevertheless, more clinical trials are required to confirm its efficacy.
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spelling pubmed-56746902017-11-13 Sporotrichosis: an update on epidemiology, etiopathogenesis, laboratory and clinical therapeutics Orofino-Costa, Rosane de Macedo, Priscila Marques Rodrigues, Anderson Messias Bernardes-Engemann, Andréa Reis An Bras Dermatol Continuing Medical Education In the late 90's there was a change in both the route of transmission and the people at risk for sporotrichosis. This zoonotic cat-man alternative transmission route elicited changes in strategies to control the epidemic. There was a progressive increase in the number of cases involving especially children and the elderly. In addition to becoming hyperendemic, uncommon clinical pictures like immunoreactive clinical presentations or severe systemic cases have emerged. New species were identified and classified through molecular tools using more virulent clinical isolates, like S. brasiliensis, compared to the environmental isolates. Likewise, different species of Sporothrix have been associated with different geographic regions. The serological and molecular techniques are used as an auxiliary tool for the diagnosis and/or for species identification, although the isolation and the identification of Sporothrix spp. in clinical specimen is still the gold standard. Currently sporotrichosis epidemics requires the knowledge of the epidemiological-molecular profile to control the disease and the specific treatment. Itraconazole, potassium iodide, terfinafine, and amphotericin B are the available drugs in Brazil to treat sporotrichosis. The drug of choice, its posology, and treatment duration vary according to the clinical presentation, the Sporothrix species, and host immune status. New treatment choices, including a vaccine, are being developed; nevertheless, more clinical trials are required to confirm its efficacy. Sociedade Brasileira de Dermatologia 2017 /pmc/articles/PMC5674690/ /pubmed/29166494 http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/abd1806-4841.2017279 Text en ©2017 by Anais Brasileiros de Dermatologia http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/ This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non-Commercial License which permits unrestricted non-commercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium provided the original work is properly cited.
spellingShingle Continuing Medical Education
Orofino-Costa, Rosane
de Macedo, Priscila Marques
Rodrigues, Anderson Messias
Bernardes-Engemann, Andréa Reis
Sporotrichosis: an update on epidemiology, etiopathogenesis, laboratory and clinical therapeutics
title Sporotrichosis: an update on epidemiology, etiopathogenesis, laboratory and clinical therapeutics
title_full Sporotrichosis: an update on epidemiology, etiopathogenesis, laboratory and clinical therapeutics
title_fullStr Sporotrichosis: an update on epidemiology, etiopathogenesis, laboratory and clinical therapeutics
title_full_unstemmed Sporotrichosis: an update on epidemiology, etiopathogenesis, laboratory and clinical therapeutics
title_short Sporotrichosis: an update on epidemiology, etiopathogenesis, laboratory and clinical therapeutics
title_sort sporotrichosis: an update on epidemiology, etiopathogenesis, laboratory and clinical therapeutics
topic Continuing Medical Education
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5674690/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29166494
http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/abd1806-4841.2017279
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