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Tip Pressure on Semicircular Specimens in Tapping Mode Atomic Force Microscopy in Viscous Fluid Environments
Tapping mode (TM) atomic force microscopy (AFM) in a liquid environment is widely used to measure the contours of biological specimens. The TM triggers the AFM probe approximately at the resonant frequencies and controls the tip such that it periodically touches the specimen along the scanning path....
Autores principales: | , , |
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
Publicado: |
MDPI
2017
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Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5676617/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28937607 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s17102182 |
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author | Shih, Hua-Ju Dai, Ching-Liang Shih, Po-Jen |
author_facet | Shih, Hua-Ju Dai, Ching-Liang Shih, Po-Jen |
author_sort | Shih, Hua-Ju |
collection | PubMed |
description | Tapping mode (TM) atomic force microscopy (AFM) in a liquid environment is widely used to measure the contours of biological specimens. The TM triggers the AFM probe approximately at the resonant frequencies and controls the tip such that it periodically touches the specimen along the scanning path. The AFM probe and its tip produce a hydrodynamic pressure on the probe itself and press the specimen. The tip to specimen size ratio is known to affect the measurement accuracy of AFM, however, few studies have focused on the hydrodynamic pressure caused by the effects of specimen size. Such pressure affects the contour distortion of the biological specimen. In this study, a semi-analytical method is employed for a semicircular specimen to analyze the vorticity and pressure distributions for specimens of various sizes and at various tip locations. Changes in pressure distribution, fluid spin motion, and specimen deformation are identified as the tip approaches the specimen. The results indicate the following: the specimen surface experiences the highest pressure when the specimen diameter equals the tip width; the vorticity between tip and specimen is complex when the tip is close to the specimen center line; and the specimen inflates when the tip is aligned with the specimen center line. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-5676617 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2017 |
publisher | MDPI |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-56766172017-11-17 Tip Pressure on Semicircular Specimens in Tapping Mode Atomic Force Microscopy in Viscous Fluid Environments Shih, Hua-Ju Dai, Ching-Liang Shih, Po-Jen Sensors (Basel) Article Tapping mode (TM) atomic force microscopy (AFM) in a liquid environment is widely used to measure the contours of biological specimens. The TM triggers the AFM probe approximately at the resonant frequencies and controls the tip such that it periodically touches the specimen along the scanning path. The AFM probe and its tip produce a hydrodynamic pressure on the probe itself and press the specimen. The tip to specimen size ratio is known to affect the measurement accuracy of AFM, however, few studies have focused on the hydrodynamic pressure caused by the effects of specimen size. Such pressure affects the contour distortion of the biological specimen. In this study, a semi-analytical method is employed for a semicircular specimen to analyze the vorticity and pressure distributions for specimens of various sizes and at various tip locations. Changes in pressure distribution, fluid spin motion, and specimen deformation are identified as the tip approaches the specimen. The results indicate the following: the specimen surface experiences the highest pressure when the specimen diameter equals the tip width; the vorticity between tip and specimen is complex when the tip is close to the specimen center line; and the specimen inflates when the tip is aligned with the specimen center line. MDPI 2017-09-22 /pmc/articles/PMC5676617/ /pubmed/28937607 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s17102182 Text en © 2017 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/). |
spellingShingle | Article Shih, Hua-Ju Dai, Ching-Liang Shih, Po-Jen Tip Pressure on Semicircular Specimens in Tapping Mode Atomic Force Microscopy in Viscous Fluid Environments |
title | Tip Pressure on Semicircular Specimens in Tapping Mode Atomic Force Microscopy in Viscous Fluid Environments |
title_full | Tip Pressure on Semicircular Specimens in Tapping Mode Atomic Force Microscopy in Viscous Fluid Environments |
title_fullStr | Tip Pressure on Semicircular Specimens in Tapping Mode Atomic Force Microscopy in Viscous Fluid Environments |
title_full_unstemmed | Tip Pressure on Semicircular Specimens in Tapping Mode Atomic Force Microscopy in Viscous Fluid Environments |
title_short | Tip Pressure on Semicircular Specimens in Tapping Mode Atomic Force Microscopy in Viscous Fluid Environments |
title_sort | tip pressure on semicircular specimens in tapping mode atomic force microscopy in viscous fluid environments |
topic | Article |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5676617/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28937607 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s17102182 |
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