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A New Proxy Measurement Algorithm with Application to the Estimation of Vertical Ground Reaction Forces Using Wearable Sensors

Measurement of the ground reaction forces (GRF) during walking is typically limited to laboratory settings, and only short observations using wearable pressure insoles have been reported so far. In this study, a new proxy measurement method is proposed to estimate the vertical component of the GRF (...

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Autores principales: Guo, Yuzhu, Storm, Fabio, Zhao, Yifan, Billings, Stephen A., Pavic, Aleksandar, Mazzà, Claudia, Guo, Ling-Zhong
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: MDPI 2017
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5677265/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28937593
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s17102181
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author Guo, Yuzhu
Storm, Fabio
Zhao, Yifan
Billings, Stephen A.
Pavic, Aleksandar
Mazzà, Claudia
Guo, Ling-Zhong
author_facet Guo, Yuzhu
Storm, Fabio
Zhao, Yifan
Billings, Stephen A.
Pavic, Aleksandar
Mazzà, Claudia
Guo, Ling-Zhong
author_sort Guo, Yuzhu
collection PubMed
description Measurement of the ground reaction forces (GRF) during walking is typically limited to laboratory settings, and only short observations using wearable pressure insoles have been reported so far. In this study, a new proxy measurement method is proposed to estimate the vertical component of the GRF (vGRF) from wearable accelerometer signals. The accelerations are used as the proxy variable. An orthogonal forward regression algorithm (OFR) is employed to identify the dynamic relationships between the proxy variables and the measured vGRF using pressure-sensing insoles. The obtained model, which represents the connection between the proxy variable and the vGRF, is then used to predict the latter. The results have been validated using pressure insoles data collected from nine healthy individuals under two outdoor walking tasks in non-laboratory settings. The results show that the vGRFs can be reconstructed with high accuracy (with an average prediction error of less than 5.0%) using only one wearable sensor mounted at the waist (L5, fifth lumbar vertebra). Proxy measures with different sensor positions are also discussed. Results show that the waist acceleration-based proxy measurement is more stable with less inter-task and inter-subject variability than the proxy measures based on forehead level accelerations. The proposed proxy measure provides a promising low-cost method for monitoring ground reaction forces in real-life settings and introduces a novel generic approach for replacing the direct determination of difficult to measure variables in many applications.
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spelling pubmed-56772652017-11-17 A New Proxy Measurement Algorithm with Application to the Estimation of Vertical Ground Reaction Forces Using Wearable Sensors Guo, Yuzhu Storm, Fabio Zhao, Yifan Billings, Stephen A. Pavic, Aleksandar Mazzà, Claudia Guo, Ling-Zhong Sensors (Basel) Article Measurement of the ground reaction forces (GRF) during walking is typically limited to laboratory settings, and only short observations using wearable pressure insoles have been reported so far. In this study, a new proxy measurement method is proposed to estimate the vertical component of the GRF (vGRF) from wearable accelerometer signals. The accelerations are used as the proxy variable. An orthogonal forward regression algorithm (OFR) is employed to identify the dynamic relationships between the proxy variables and the measured vGRF using pressure-sensing insoles. The obtained model, which represents the connection between the proxy variable and the vGRF, is then used to predict the latter. The results have been validated using pressure insoles data collected from nine healthy individuals under two outdoor walking tasks in non-laboratory settings. The results show that the vGRFs can be reconstructed with high accuracy (with an average prediction error of less than 5.0%) using only one wearable sensor mounted at the waist (L5, fifth lumbar vertebra). Proxy measures with different sensor positions are also discussed. Results show that the waist acceleration-based proxy measurement is more stable with less inter-task and inter-subject variability than the proxy measures based on forehead level accelerations. The proposed proxy measure provides a promising low-cost method for monitoring ground reaction forces in real-life settings and introduces a novel generic approach for replacing the direct determination of difficult to measure variables in many applications. MDPI 2017-09-22 /pmc/articles/PMC5677265/ /pubmed/28937593 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s17102181 Text en © 2017 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).
spellingShingle Article
Guo, Yuzhu
Storm, Fabio
Zhao, Yifan
Billings, Stephen A.
Pavic, Aleksandar
Mazzà, Claudia
Guo, Ling-Zhong
A New Proxy Measurement Algorithm with Application to the Estimation of Vertical Ground Reaction Forces Using Wearable Sensors
title A New Proxy Measurement Algorithm with Application to the Estimation of Vertical Ground Reaction Forces Using Wearable Sensors
title_full A New Proxy Measurement Algorithm with Application to the Estimation of Vertical Ground Reaction Forces Using Wearable Sensors
title_fullStr A New Proxy Measurement Algorithm with Application to the Estimation of Vertical Ground Reaction Forces Using Wearable Sensors
title_full_unstemmed A New Proxy Measurement Algorithm with Application to the Estimation of Vertical Ground Reaction Forces Using Wearable Sensors
title_short A New Proxy Measurement Algorithm with Application to the Estimation of Vertical Ground Reaction Forces Using Wearable Sensors
title_sort new proxy measurement algorithm with application to the estimation of vertical ground reaction forces using wearable sensors
topic Article
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5677265/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28937593
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s17102181
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