Tetanus in adult males, Bugando Medical Centre, United Republic of Tanzania

PROBLEM: In the United Republic of Tanzania, the incidence of non-neonatal circumcision-related tetanus is probably underreported. APPROACH: We analysed charts and extracted information on outcome and wound location for non-neonatal cases of tetanus admitted to the intensive care unit of Bugando Medical Centre between 2001 and 2016. LOCAL SETTING: Bugando Medical Centre, which is one of four teaching referral hospitals in the United Republic of Tanzania, has a 13-bed intensive care unit that manages all admitted patients with tetanus. Within the United Republic of Tanzania, formal programmes of tetanus immunization are targeted at infants or women. RELEVANT CHANGES: From our inpatient logs, we identified six patients with non-neonatal tetanus among male patients with a recent history of circumcision. Only one of these patients had been circumcised within a subnational programme of voluntary medical male circumcision. The other five had been circumcised outside of the programme – e.g. at small rural dispensaries or by a traditional provider with no formal medical training. The six patients were aged 11–55 years and five (83%) of them died in hospital – all of overwhelming sepsis. LESSONS LEARNT: Within the Tanzanian programme of voluntary medical male circumcision, education on wound hygiene probably helps to reduce the incidence of non-neonatal circumcision-related tetanus. The corresponding incidence among the boys and men who are circumcised beyond this subnational programme is probably higher. The training of all circumcision providers in wound care and a vaccination programme to ensure that male Tanzanians receive tetanus immunization post-infancy are recommended.