Tumor Lysis Syndrome (TLS) following intrathecal chemotherapy in a child with acute myelogenous leukemia (AML)

Tumor Lysis Syndrome (TLS) is a well-known complication of induction therapy for hematologic malignancies. It is characterized by rapid breakdown of malignant white blood cells (WBCs) leading to metabolic derangements and serious morbidity if left untreated. Most commonly, TLS is triggered by systemic chemotherapy, however, there have been case reports of TLS following intrathecal (IT) chemotherapy, all in patients with acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL)/lymphoma. Here, we report the first case of a patient with acute myelogenous leukemia (AML) who developed TLS following a single dose of IT cytosine arabinoside (Ara-C).