Evaluation of factors influencing (18)F-FET uptake in the brain

PET using the amino-acid O-(2-(18)F-fluoroethyl)-l-tyrosine ((18)F-FET) is gaining increasing interest for brain tumour management. Semi-quantitative analysis of tracer uptake in brain tumours is based on the standardized uptake value (SUV) and the tumour-to-brain ratio (TBR). The aim of this study was to explore physiological factors that might influence the relationship of SUV of (18)F-FET uptake in various brain areas, and thus affect quantification of (18)F-FET uptake in brain tumours. Negative (18)F-FET PET scans of 107 subjects, showing an inconspicuous brain distribution of (18)F-FET, were evaluated retrospectively. Whole-brain quantitative analysis with Statistical Parametric Mapping (SPM) using parametric SUV PET images, and volumes of interest (VOIs) analysis with fronto-parietal, temporal, occipital, and cerebellar SUV background areas were performed to study the effect of age, gender, height, weight, injected activity, body mass index (BMI), and body surface area (BSA). After multivariate analysis, female gender and high BMI were found to be two independent factors associated with increased SUV of (18)F-FET uptake in the brain. In women, SUV(mean) of (18)F-FET uptake in the brain was 23% higher than in men (p < 0.01). SUV(mean) of (18)F-FET uptake in the brain was positively correlated with BMI (r = 0.29; p < 0.01). The influence of these factors on SUV of (18)F-FET was similar in all brain areas. In conclusion, SUV of (18)F-FET in the normal brain is influenced by gender and weakly by BMI, but changes are similar in all brain areas.