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Retinopathy in subjects with type 2 diabetes at a tertiary diabetes clinic in Durban, South Africa: Clinical, biochemical and genetic factors

AIM: To determine the prevalence of clinical and laboratory variables and genetic polymorphisms in association with diabetic retinopathy (DR) in subjects with type 2 diabetes attending a tertiary referral diabetes clinic in Durban, South Africa. METHODS: Cross-sectional study on 292 Indian and Afric...

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Autores principales: Pirie, F.J., Maharaj, S., Esterhuizen, T.M., Paruk, I.M., Motala, A.A.
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: Elsevier 2013
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5685021/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29235587
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jcte.2013.12.002
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author Pirie, F.J.
Maharaj, S.
Esterhuizen, T.M.
Paruk, I.M.
Motala, A.A.
author_facet Pirie, F.J.
Maharaj, S.
Esterhuizen, T.M.
Paruk, I.M.
Motala, A.A.
author_sort Pirie, F.J.
collection PubMed
description AIM: To determine the prevalence of clinical and laboratory variables and genetic polymorphisms in association with diabetic retinopathy (DR) in subjects with type 2 diabetes attending a tertiary referral diabetes clinic in Durban, South Africa. METHODS: Cross-sectional study on 292 Indian and African patients with type 2 diabetes (71.5% women). The presence of DR was determined by direct ophthalmoscopy. Clinical and laboratory data were collected and polymorphisms in the NOS3 (rs61722009, rs2070744, rs1799983) and VEGF (rs35569394, rs2010963) genes were determined. RESULTS: DR was present in 113 (39%) subjects. Those with DR were older (60.6 ± 9.6 vs. 55.4 ± 12.9 years, p = 0.005), had longer duration diabetes (18.5 ± 8.8 vs. 11.9 ± 9.2 years, p < 0.0001), higher HbA(1c) (9.2 ± 1.8 vs. 8.8 ± 1.7%, p = 0.049), serum creatinine (106.3 ± 90.2 vs. 75.2 ± 33.4 μmol/l), triglycerides (2.1 ± 1.2 vs. 1.9 ± 1.6 mmol/l, p = 0.042), proteinuria (72% vs. 28%, p = 0.001), and used more insulin (78% vs. 39% p = 0.0001), anti-hypertensive (95% vs. 80%, p = 0.0003) and lipid-lowering therapy (70% vs. 56%, p = 0.023). There was no association between DR and any of the NOS3 or VEGF gene polymorphisms studied, although there were ethnic differences. After adjustment, diabetes duration (OR 1.05, 95% CI 1.01–1.08), presence of proteinuria (OR 4.15, 95% CI 1.70–10.11) and use of insulin therapy (OR 3.38, 95% CI 1.60–7.12) were associated with DR. CONCLUSION: Hyperglycemia, duration of diabetes and proteinuria are associated with DR in Indian and African patients in South Africa, whereas NOS3 and VEGF gene polymorphisms were not associated with DR.
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spelling pubmed-56850212017-11-20 Retinopathy in subjects with type 2 diabetes at a tertiary diabetes clinic in Durban, South Africa: Clinical, biochemical and genetic factors Pirie, F.J. Maharaj, S. Esterhuizen, T.M. Paruk, I.M. Motala, A.A. J Clin Transl Endocrinol Research Paper AIM: To determine the prevalence of clinical and laboratory variables and genetic polymorphisms in association with diabetic retinopathy (DR) in subjects with type 2 diabetes attending a tertiary referral diabetes clinic in Durban, South Africa. METHODS: Cross-sectional study on 292 Indian and African patients with type 2 diabetes (71.5% women). The presence of DR was determined by direct ophthalmoscopy. Clinical and laboratory data were collected and polymorphisms in the NOS3 (rs61722009, rs2070744, rs1799983) and VEGF (rs35569394, rs2010963) genes were determined. RESULTS: DR was present in 113 (39%) subjects. Those with DR were older (60.6 ± 9.6 vs. 55.4 ± 12.9 years, p = 0.005), had longer duration diabetes (18.5 ± 8.8 vs. 11.9 ± 9.2 years, p < 0.0001), higher HbA(1c) (9.2 ± 1.8 vs. 8.8 ± 1.7%, p = 0.049), serum creatinine (106.3 ± 90.2 vs. 75.2 ± 33.4 μmol/l), triglycerides (2.1 ± 1.2 vs. 1.9 ± 1.6 mmol/l, p = 0.042), proteinuria (72% vs. 28%, p = 0.001), and used more insulin (78% vs. 39% p = 0.0001), anti-hypertensive (95% vs. 80%, p = 0.0003) and lipid-lowering therapy (70% vs. 56%, p = 0.023). There was no association between DR and any of the NOS3 or VEGF gene polymorphisms studied, although there were ethnic differences. After adjustment, diabetes duration (OR 1.05, 95% CI 1.01–1.08), presence of proteinuria (OR 4.15, 95% CI 1.70–10.11) and use of insulin therapy (OR 3.38, 95% CI 1.60–7.12) were associated with DR. CONCLUSION: Hyperglycemia, duration of diabetes and proteinuria are associated with DR in Indian and African patients in South Africa, whereas NOS3 and VEGF gene polymorphisms were not associated with DR. Elsevier 2013-12-19 /pmc/articles/PMC5685021/ /pubmed/29235587 http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jcte.2013.12.002 Text en © 2014 Elsevier Inc. http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/3.0/ This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC-ND license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/3.0/).
spellingShingle Research Paper
Pirie, F.J.
Maharaj, S.
Esterhuizen, T.M.
Paruk, I.M.
Motala, A.A.
Retinopathy in subjects with type 2 diabetes at a tertiary diabetes clinic in Durban, South Africa: Clinical, biochemical and genetic factors
title Retinopathy in subjects with type 2 diabetes at a tertiary diabetes clinic in Durban, South Africa: Clinical, biochemical and genetic factors
title_full Retinopathy in subjects with type 2 diabetes at a tertiary diabetes clinic in Durban, South Africa: Clinical, biochemical and genetic factors
title_fullStr Retinopathy in subjects with type 2 diabetes at a tertiary diabetes clinic in Durban, South Africa: Clinical, biochemical and genetic factors
title_full_unstemmed Retinopathy in subjects with type 2 diabetes at a tertiary diabetes clinic in Durban, South Africa: Clinical, biochemical and genetic factors
title_short Retinopathy in subjects with type 2 diabetes at a tertiary diabetes clinic in Durban, South Africa: Clinical, biochemical and genetic factors
title_sort retinopathy in subjects with type 2 diabetes at a tertiary diabetes clinic in durban, south africa: clinical, biochemical and genetic factors
topic Research Paper
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5685021/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29235587
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jcte.2013.12.002
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