Percutaneous Transsternal Cryoablation of Ectopic Parathyroid Adenoma in the Anterior Mediastinum

Ectopic parathyroid adenomas are common in the context of hyperparathyroidism and represent a unique challenge in terms of localization and treatment. Often they are related to higher serum calcium levels than those associated with parathyroid adenomas in typical locations. Additionally, ectopic adenomas often lead to higher morbidity due to failed parathyroid exploration and multiple attempts at surgical removal. We present two cases of computed tomography–guided percutaneous transsternal cryoablation of ectopic parathyroid adenomas in the anterior mediastinum, one after failed surgical resection and the other after failed transarterial embolization. Cryoablation may represent a safe and effective alternative to surgery or embolization and should be included in the therapeutic algorithm in patients with percutaneously accessible lesions.