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Chlorinative stress in age-related diseases: a literature review

Aging is an agglomerate of biological long-lasting processes that result being inevitable. Main actors in this scenario are both long-term inflammation and oxidative stress. It has been proved that oxidative stress induce alteration in proteins and this fact itself is critically important in the pat...

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Autores principales: Casciaro, Marco, Di Salvo, Eleonora, Pace, Elisabetta, Ventura-Spagnolo, Elvira, Navarra, Michele, Gangemi, Sebastiano
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: BioMed Central 2017
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5686828/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29163665
http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s12979-017-0104-5
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author Casciaro, Marco
Di Salvo, Eleonora
Pace, Elisabetta
Ventura-Spagnolo, Elvira
Navarra, Michele
Gangemi, Sebastiano
author_facet Casciaro, Marco
Di Salvo, Eleonora
Pace, Elisabetta
Ventura-Spagnolo, Elvira
Navarra, Michele
Gangemi, Sebastiano
author_sort Casciaro, Marco
collection PubMed
description Aging is an agglomerate of biological long-lasting processes that result being inevitable. Main actors in this scenario are both long-term inflammation and oxidative stress. It has been proved that oxidative stress induce alteration in proteins and this fact itself is critically important in the pathophysiological mechanisms leading to diseases typical of aging. Among reactive species, chlorine ones such as hypochlorous acid (HOCl) are cytotoxic oxidants produced by activated neutrophils during chronic inflammation processes. HOCl can also cause damages by reacting with biological molecules. HOCl is generated by myeloperoxidase (MPO) and augmented serum levels of MPO have been described in acute and chronic inflammatory conditions in cardiovascular patients and has been implicated in many inflammatory diseases such as atherosclerosis, neurodegenerative conditions, and some cancers. Due to these data, we decided to conduct an up-to-date review evaluating chlorinative stress effects on every age-related disease linked; potential anti-oxidant countermeasures were also assessed. Results obtained associated HOCl generation to the aging processes and confirmed its connection with diseases like neurodegenerative and cardiovascular pathologies, atherosclerosis and cancer; chlorination was mainly linked to diseases where molecular (protein) alteration constitute the major suspected cause: i.e. inflammation, tissue lesions, DNA damages, apoptosis and oxidative stress itself. According data collected, a healthy lifestyle together with some dietary suggestion and/or the administration of nutracetical antioxidant integrators could balance the effects of chlorinative stress and, in some cases, slow down or prevent the onset of age-releated diseases.
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spelling pubmed-56868282017-11-21 Chlorinative stress in age-related diseases: a literature review Casciaro, Marco Di Salvo, Eleonora Pace, Elisabetta Ventura-Spagnolo, Elvira Navarra, Michele Gangemi, Sebastiano Immun Ageing Review Aging is an agglomerate of biological long-lasting processes that result being inevitable. Main actors in this scenario are both long-term inflammation and oxidative stress. It has been proved that oxidative stress induce alteration in proteins and this fact itself is critically important in the pathophysiological mechanisms leading to diseases typical of aging. Among reactive species, chlorine ones such as hypochlorous acid (HOCl) are cytotoxic oxidants produced by activated neutrophils during chronic inflammation processes. HOCl can also cause damages by reacting with biological molecules. HOCl is generated by myeloperoxidase (MPO) and augmented serum levels of MPO have been described in acute and chronic inflammatory conditions in cardiovascular patients and has been implicated in many inflammatory diseases such as atherosclerosis, neurodegenerative conditions, and some cancers. Due to these data, we decided to conduct an up-to-date review evaluating chlorinative stress effects on every age-related disease linked; potential anti-oxidant countermeasures were also assessed. Results obtained associated HOCl generation to the aging processes and confirmed its connection with diseases like neurodegenerative and cardiovascular pathologies, atherosclerosis and cancer; chlorination was mainly linked to diseases where molecular (protein) alteration constitute the major suspected cause: i.e. inflammation, tissue lesions, DNA damages, apoptosis and oxidative stress itself. According data collected, a healthy lifestyle together with some dietary suggestion and/or the administration of nutracetical antioxidant integrators could balance the effects of chlorinative stress and, in some cases, slow down or prevent the onset of age-releated diseases. BioMed Central 2017-11-14 /pmc/articles/PMC5686828/ /pubmed/29163665 http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s12979-017-0104-5 Text en © The Author(s). 2017 Open AccessThis article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The Creative Commons Public Domain Dedication waiver (http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/) applies to the data made available in this article, unless otherwise stated.
spellingShingle Review
Casciaro, Marco
Di Salvo, Eleonora
Pace, Elisabetta
Ventura-Spagnolo, Elvira
Navarra, Michele
Gangemi, Sebastiano
Chlorinative stress in age-related diseases: a literature review
title Chlorinative stress in age-related diseases: a literature review
title_full Chlorinative stress in age-related diseases: a literature review
title_fullStr Chlorinative stress in age-related diseases: a literature review
title_full_unstemmed Chlorinative stress in age-related diseases: a literature review
title_short Chlorinative stress in age-related diseases: a literature review
title_sort chlorinative stress in age-related diseases: a literature review
topic Review
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5686828/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29163665
http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s12979-017-0104-5
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