A Case Report of Newly Diagnosed Epithelial Ovarian Carcinoma Presenting with Spontaneous Tumor Lysis Syndrome and Its Successful Management with Rasburicase

Tumor Lysis Syndrome (TLS) commonly occurs in hematological malignancies, but it is very rare in patients with a solid tumor. In cases of solid tumors, TLS usually occurs spontaneously or after the initiation of anticancer therapy, and it has a high mortality rate. This syndrome consists of a constellation of laboratory findings such as hyperuricemia, hyperkalemia, hyperphosphatemia, and hypocalcemia known as laboratory TLS. When clinical complications such as seizures, acute renal failure, and cardiac dysrhythmias occur in patients with laboratory TLS, the syndrome is called clinical TLS. The present case report is sixth in the series and probably the first case report of spontaneous TLS in a newly diagnosed patient of epithelial ovarian cancer and also shows the effectiveness of single dose (1.5 mg) of rasburicase along with adequate hydration to rapidly reverse TLS and also timely initiation of definitive treatment. The patient was then able to complete successfully the planned neoadjuvant chemotherapy and surgery without any long-term sequela.