Cargando…

Bacteriology and Antibiogram of Urinary Tract Infection Among Female Patients in a Tertiary Health Facility in South Eastern Nigeria

BACKGROUND: Urinary Tract Infection (UTI) is a common contagion among men and women with the incidence relatively higher among women due to their differing anatomy. An understanding of the kind of pathogens implicated in urinary tract infections as well as antibiotic susceptibility profiling may hel...

Descripción completa

Detalles Bibliográficos
Autores principales: Oli, Angus N., Akabueze, Vivian B., Ezeudu, Chijioke E., Eleje, George U., Ejiofor, Obiora S., Ezebialu, Ifeanyichukwu U., Oguejiofor, Charlotte B., Ekejindu, Ifeoma M., Emechebe, George O., Okeke, Kenneth N.
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: Bentham Open 2017
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5688387/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29204224
http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1874285801711010292
_version_ 1783279152209592320
author Oli, Angus N.
Akabueze, Vivian B.
Ezeudu, Chijioke E.
Eleje, George U.
Ejiofor, Obiora S.
Ezebialu, Ifeanyichukwu U.
Oguejiofor, Charlotte B.
Ekejindu, Ifeoma M.
Emechebe, George O.
Okeke, Kenneth N.
author_facet Oli, Angus N.
Akabueze, Vivian B.
Ezeudu, Chijioke E.
Eleje, George U.
Ejiofor, Obiora S.
Ezebialu, Ifeanyichukwu U.
Oguejiofor, Charlotte B.
Ekejindu, Ifeoma M.
Emechebe, George O.
Okeke, Kenneth N.
author_sort Oli, Angus N.
collection PubMed
description BACKGROUND: Urinary Tract Infection (UTI) is a common contagion among men and women with the incidence relatively higher among women due to their differing anatomy. An understanding of the kind of pathogens implicated in urinary tract infections as well as antibiotic susceptibility profiling may help the clinician make rationally correct empirical choice in their treatment. OBJECTIVE: This study is aimed at determining the type and antibiotic susceptibility pattern of bacterial uropathogens isolated from female patients attending Chukwuemeka Odumegwu Ojukwu University Teaching Hospital (COOUTH), Awka, Nigeria. METHOD: Two hundred and forty patients with clinically diagnosed UTI and who were on at least 5 days’ antibiotic holiday were recruited into the study. Their demographic characteristics were captured using pre-tested questionnaire. Their clean catch mid-stream urine samples were collected using sterile universal container and sent to the Microbiology Department for processing. Within 30 minutes of samples collection, the specimens were cultured and the isolates were identified, after 24 h of incubation, using standard microbiological techniques. Antibiotic susceptibility tests were done with standard antibiotic discs using the Kirby–bauer disc diffusion method. RESULTS: Out of the 240 urine samples, 89.17% yielded significant bacteriuria. The pathogens implicated were Escherichia coli (28.5%), Staphylococcus aureus (28.0%), Salmonella spp (22.8%) and Pseudomonas aeruginosa (20.5%). HIV status, patients age, pregnancy status and marital status all significantly affected bacteriuria rate (p value < 0.05), while patients’ location (sub-urban/rural dwelling), and level of education did not (p value > 0.05). The pattern of microbial resistance to antibiotics suggests that ceftazidime, fosfomycin and cefoxitin may not be used as first-line agents in the empirical treatment of UTIs rather; levofloxacin, meropenem or aztreonam should be considered. Levofloxacin was significantly effective against all the isolates and may be administered empirically while waiting for the culture result (Mean % susceptibility was 79.85). CONCLUSION: E. coli and S. aureus were the predominant pathogens in the study and many were resistant to the commonly prescribed antibiotics and so leave the clinicians with only few alternative drugs for UTIs treatment. Routine surveillance and monitoring studies need to be constantly conducted to update clinicians on the prevalent pathogens and the rational and empirical treatment of UTIs. Aggressive and consistent health education using every possible media is also recommended to combat the menace of drug resistance occasioned by inappropriate antibiotic use.
format Online
Article
Text
id pubmed-5688387
institution National Center for Biotechnology Information
language English
publishDate 2017
publisher Bentham Open
record_format MEDLINE/PubMed
spelling pubmed-56883872017-12-04 Bacteriology and Antibiogram of Urinary Tract Infection Among Female Patients in a Tertiary Health Facility in South Eastern Nigeria Oli, Angus N. Akabueze, Vivian B. Ezeudu, Chijioke E. Eleje, George U. Ejiofor, Obiora S. Ezebialu, Ifeanyichukwu U. Oguejiofor, Charlotte B. Ekejindu, Ifeoma M. Emechebe, George O. Okeke, Kenneth N. Open Microbiol J Article BACKGROUND: Urinary Tract Infection (UTI) is a common contagion among men and women with the incidence relatively higher among women due to their differing anatomy. An understanding of the kind of pathogens implicated in urinary tract infections as well as antibiotic susceptibility profiling may help the clinician make rationally correct empirical choice in their treatment. OBJECTIVE: This study is aimed at determining the type and antibiotic susceptibility pattern of bacterial uropathogens isolated from female patients attending Chukwuemeka Odumegwu Ojukwu University Teaching Hospital (COOUTH), Awka, Nigeria. METHOD: Two hundred and forty patients with clinically diagnosed UTI and who were on at least 5 days’ antibiotic holiday were recruited into the study. Their demographic characteristics were captured using pre-tested questionnaire. Their clean catch mid-stream urine samples were collected using sterile universal container and sent to the Microbiology Department for processing. Within 30 minutes of samples collection, the specimens were cultured and the isolates were identified, after 24 h of incubation, using standard microbiological techniques. Antibiotic susceptibility tests were done with standard antibiotic discs using the Kirby–bauer disc diffusion method. RESULTS: Out of the 240 urine samples, 89.17% yielded significant bacteriuria. The pathogens implicated were Escherichia coli (28.5%), Staphylococcus aureus (28.0%), Salmonella spp (22.8%) and Pseudomonas aeruginosa (20.5%). HIV status, patients age, pregnancy status and marital status all significantly affected bacteriuria rate (p value < 0.05), while patients’ location (sub-urban/rural dwelling), and level of education did not (p value > 0.05). The pattern of microbial resistance to antibiotics suggests that ceftazidime, fosfomycin and cefoxitin may not be used as first-line agents in the empirical treatment of UTIs rather; levofloxacin, meropenem or aztreonam should be considered. Levofloxacin was significantly effective against all the isolates and may be administered empirically while waiting for the culture result (Mean % susceptibility was 79.85). CONCLUSION: E. coli and S. aureus were the predominant pathogens in the study and many were resistant to the commonly prescribed antibiotics and so leave the clinicians with only few alternative drugs for UTIs treatment. Routine surveillance and monitoring studies need to be constantly conducted to update clinicians on the prevalent pathogens and the rational and empirical treatment of UTIs. Aggressive and consistent health education using every possible media is also recommended to combat the menace of drug resistance occasioned by inappropriate antibiotic use. Bentham Open 2017-10-31 /pmc/articles/PMC5688387/ /pubmed/29204224 http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1874285801711010292 Text en © 2017 Oli et al. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/legalcode This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International Public License (CC-BY 4.0), a copy of which is available at: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/legalcode. This license permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.
spellingShingle Article
Oli, Angus N.
Akabueze, Vivian B.
Ezeudu, Chijioke E.
Eleje, George U.
Ejiofor, Obiora S.
Ezebialu, Ifeanyichukwu U.
Oguejiofor, Charlotte B.
Ekejindu, Ifeoma M.
Emechebe, George O.
Okeke, Kenneth N.
Bacteriology and Antibiogram of Urinary Tract Infection Among Female Patients in a Tertiary Health Facility in South Eastern Nigeria
title Bacteriology and Antibiogram of Urinary Tract Infection Among Female Patients in a Tertiary Health Facility in South Eastern Nigeria
title_full Bacteriology and Antibiogram of Urinary Tract Infection Among Female Patients in a Tertiary Health Facility in South Eastern Nigeria
title_fullStr Bacteriology and Antibiogram of Urinary Tract Infection Among Female Patients in a Tertiary Health Facility in South Eastern Nigeria
title_full_unstemmed Bacteriology and Antibiogram of Urinary Tract Infection Among Female Patients in a Tertiary Health Facility in South Eastern Nigeria
title_short Bacteriology and Antibiogram of Urinary Tract Infection Among Female Patients in a Tertiary Health Facility in South Eastern Nigeria
title_sort bacteriology and antibiogram of urinary tract infection among female patients in a tertiary health facility in south eastern nigeria
topic Article
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5688387/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29204224
http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1874285801711010292
work_keys_str_mv AT oliangusn bacteriologyandantibiogramofurinarytractinfectionamongfemalepatientsinatertiaryhealthfacilityinsoutheasternnigeria
AT akabuezevivianb bacteriologyandantibiogramofurinarytractinfectionamongfemalepatientsinatertiaryhealthfacilityinsoutheasternnigeria
AT ezeuduchijiokee bacteriologyandantibiogramofurinarytractinfectionamongfemalepatientsinatertiaryhealthfacilityinsoutheasternnigeria
AT elejegeorgeu bacteriologyandantibiogramofurinarytractinfectionamongfemalepatientsinatertiaryhealthfacilityinsoutheasternnigeria
AT ejioforobioras bacteriologyandantibiogramofurinarytractinfectionamongfemalepatientsinatertiaryhealthfacilityinsoutheasternnigeria
AT ezebialuifeanyichukwuu bacteriologyandantibiogramofurinarytractinfectionamongfemalepatientsinatertiaryhealthfacilityinsoutheasternnigeria
AT oguejioforcharlotteb bacteriologyandantibiogramofurinarytractinfectionamongfemalepatientsinatertiaryhealthfacilityinsoutheasternnigeria
AT ekejinduifeomam bacteriologyandantibiogramofurinarytractinfectionamongfemalepatientsinatertiaryhealthfacilityinsoutheasternnigeria
AT emechebegeorgeo bacteriologyandantibiogramofurinarytractinfectionamongfemalepatientsinatertiaryhealthfacilityinsoutheasternnigeria
AT okekekennethn bacteriologyandantibiogramofurinarytractinfectionamongfemalepatientsinatertiaryhealthfacilityinsoutheasternnigeria