A glucose/mannose binding lectin from litchi (Litchi chinensis) seeds: Biochemical and biophysical characterizations

BACKGROUND: Lectins are highly important biomolecules to study several biological processes. A novel α-D-glucose/mannose specific lectin was isolated from the seeds of litchi fruits (Litchi chinensis) and its various biophysical and biochemical properties were studied. METHODS: Purification was done by successive Sephadex G 100 and Con A-Sepharose 4B affinity chromatography. SDS-PAGE, Surface Plasmon Resonance (SPR), steady state absorbance, fluorescence, time-correlated single-photon counting, circular dichroism and antibiofilm activity by measuring total protein estimation and azocasein degradation assay have been performed. RESULTS: The purified lectin is a homodimer of molecular mass ~ 54 kDa. The amount of lectin required for hemagglutination of normal human O erythrocytes was 6.72 µg/ml. Among the saccharides tested, Man-α-(1,6)-Man was found to be the most potent inhibitor (0.01 mM) determined by hemagglutination inhibition assay. Steady state and time resolved fluorescence measurements revealed that litchi lectin formed ground state complex with maltose (K(a)=4.9 (±0.2)×10(4) M(−1)), which indicated static quenching (Stern-Volmer (SV) constant K(sv)=4.6 (±0.2)×10(4) M(−1)). CD measurements demonstrated that litchi lectin showed no overall conformational change during the binding process with maltose. The lectin showed antibiofilm activity against Pseudomonus aeruginosa. CONCLUSIONS: A novel homodimeric lectin has been purified from the seeds of litchi fruits (Litchi chinensis) having specificity for α-d-glucose/mannose. The thermodynamics and conformational aspects of its interaction with maltose have been studied in detail. The antibiofilm activity of this lectin towards Pseudomonus aeruginosa has been explored. GENERAL SIGNIFICANCE: The newly identified litchi lectin is highly specific for α-d-glucose/mannose with an important antibiofilm activity towards Pseudomonus aeruginosa.