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Why do Individuals Differ in Viral Susceptibility? A Story Told by Model Organisms

Viral susceptibility and disease progression is determined by host genetic variation that underlies individual differences. Genetic polymorphisms that affect the phenotype upon infection have been well-studied for only a few viruses, such as HIV-1 and Hepatitis C virus. However, even for well-studie...

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Autores principales: van Sluijs, Lisa, Pijlman, Gorben P., Kammenga, Jan E.
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: MDPI 2017
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5691635/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28973976
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/v9100284
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author van Sluijs, Lisa
Pijlman, Gorben P.
Kammenga, Jan E.
author_facet van Sluijs, Lisa
Pijlman, Gorben P.
Kammenga, Jan E.
author_sort van Sluijs, Lisa
collection PubMed
description Viral susceptibility and disease progression is determined by host genetic variation that underlies individual differences. Genetic polymorphisms that affect the phenotype upon infection have been well-studied for only a few viruses, such as HIV-1 and Hepatitis C virus. However, even for well-studied viruses the genetic basis of individual susceptibility differences remains elusive. Investigating the effect of causal polymorphisms in humans is complicated, because genetic methods to detect rare or small-effect polymorphisms are limited and genetic manipulation is not possible in human populations. Model organisms have proven a powerful experimental platform to identify and characterize polymorphisms that underlie natural variations in viral susceptibility using quantitative genetic tools. We summarize and compare the genetic tools available in three main model organisms, Mus musculus, Drosophila melanogaster, and Caenorhabditis elegans, and illustrate how these tools can be applied to detect polymorphisms that determine the viral susceptibility. Finally, we analyse how candidate polymorphisms from model organisms can be used to shed light on the underlying mechanism of individual variation. Insights in causal polymorphisms and mechanisms underlying individual differences in viral susceptibility in model organisms likely provide a better understanding in humans.
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spelling pubmed-56916352017-11-22 Why do Individuals Differ in Viral Susceptibility? A Story Told by Model Organisms van Sluijs, Lisa Pijlman, Gorben P. Kammenga, Jan E. Viruses Review Viral susceptibility and disease progression is determined by host genetic variation that underlies individual differences. Genetic polymorphisms that affect the phenotype upon infection have been well-studied for only a few viruses, such as HIV-1 and Hepatitis C virus. However, even for well-studied viruses the genetic basis of individual susceptibility differences remains elusive. Investigating the effect of causal polymorphisms in humans is complicated, because genetic methods to detect rare or small-effect polymorphisms are limited and genetic manipulation is not possible in human populations. Model organisms have proven a powerful experimental platform to identify and characterize polymorphisms that underlie natural variations in viral susceptibility using quantitative genetic tools. We summarize and compare the genetic tools available in three main model organisms, Mus musculus, Drosophila melanogaster, and Caenorhabditis elegans, and illustrate how these tools can be applied to detect polymorphisms that determine the viral susceptibility. Finally, we analyse how candidate polymorphisms from model organisms can be used to shed light on the underlying mechanism of individual variation. Insights in causal polymorphisms and mechanisms underlying individual differences in viral susceptibility in model organisms likely provide a better understanding in humans. MDPI 2017-09-30 /pmc/articles/PMC5691635/ /pubmed/28973976 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/v9100284 Text en © 2017 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).
spellingShingle Review
van Sluijs, Lisa
Pijlman, Gorben P.
Kammenga, Jan E.
Why do Individuals Differ in Viral Susceptibility? A Story Told by Model Organisms
title Why do Individuals Differ in Viral Susceptibility? A Story Told by Model Organisms
title_full Why do Individuals Differ in Viral Susceptibility? A Story Told by Model Organisms
title_fullStr Why do Individuals Differ in Viral Susceptibility? A Story Told by Model Organisms
title_full_unstemmed Why do Individuals Differ in Viral Susceptibility? A Story Told by Model Organisms
title_short Why do Individuals Differ in Viral Susceptibility? A Story Told by Model Organisms
title_sort why do individuals differ in viral susceptibility? a story told by model organisms
topic Review
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5691635/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28973976
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/v9100284
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