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Developing an approach to assessing the political feasibility of global collective action and an international agreement on antimicrobial resistance

BACKGROUND: Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is a global issue. International trade, travel, agricultural practices, and environmental contamination all make it possible for resistant microbes to cross national borders. Global collective action is needed in the form of an international agreement or ot...

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Autores principales: Rogers Van Katwyk, Susan, Danik, Marie Évelyne, Pantis, Ioana, Smith, Rachel, Røttingen, John-Arne, Hoffman, Steven J.
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: BioMed Central 2016
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5693542/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29202068
http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s41256-016-0020-9
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author Rogers Van Katwyk, Susan
Danik, Marie Évelyne
Pantis, Ioana
Smith, Rachel
Røttingen, John-Arne
Hoffman, Steven J.
author_facet Rogers Van Katwyk, Susan
Danik, Marie Évelyne
Pantis, Ioana
Smith, Rachel
Røttingen, John-Arne
Hoffman, Steven J.
author_sort Rogers Van Katwyk, Susan
collection PubMed
description BACKGROUND: Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is a global issue. International trade, travel, agricultural practices, and environmental contamination all make it possible for resistant microbes to cross national borders. Global collective action is needed in the form of an international agreement or other mechanism that brings states together at the negotiation table and commits them to adopt or implement policies to limit the spread of resistant microorganisms. This article describes an approach to assessing whether political and stakeholder interests can align to commit to tackling AMR. METHODS: Two dimensions affecting political feasibility were selected and compared across 82 countries: 1) states’ global influence and 2) self-interest in addressing AMR. World Bank GDP ranking was used as a proxy for global influence, while human antibiotic consumption (10-year percent change) was used as a proxy for self-interest in addressing AMR. We used these data to outline a typology of four country archetypes, and discuss how these archetypes can be used to understand whether a proposed agreement may have sufficient support to be politically feasible. RESULTS: Four types of countries exist within our proposed typology: 1) wealthy countries who have the expertise and financial resources to push for global collective action on AMR, 2) wealthy countries who need to act on AMR, 3) countries who require external assistance to act on AMR, and 4) neutral countries who may support action where applicable. Any international agreement will require substantial support from countries of the first type to lead global action, and from countries of the second type who have large increasing antimicrobial consumption levels. A large number of barriers exist that could derail efforts towards global collective action on AMR; issues of capacity, infrastructure, regulation, and stakeholder interests will need to be addressed in coordination with other actors to achieve an agreement on AMR. CONCLUSIONS: Achieving a global agreement on access, conservation, and innovation – the three pillars of AMR – will not be easy. However, smaller core groups of interested Initiator and Pivotal Countries could develop policy and resolve many issues. If highly influential countries take the lead, agreements could then be scaled up to achieve global action. ELECTRONIC SUPPLEMENTARY MATERIAL: The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s41256-016-0020-9) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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spelling pubmed-56935422017-11-30 Developing an approach to assessing the political feasibility of global collective action and an international agreement on antimicrobial resistance Rogers Van Katwyk, Susan Danik, Marie Évelyne Pantis, Ioana Smith, Rachel Røttingen, John-Arne Hoffman, Steven J. Glob Health Res Policy Research BACKGROUND: Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is a global issue. International trade, travel, agricultural practices, and environmental contamination all make it possible for resistant microbes to cross national borders. Global collective action is needed in the form of an international agreement or other mechanism that brings states together at the negotiation table and commits them to adopt or implement policies to limit the spread of resistant microorganisms. This article describes an approach to assessing whether political and stakeholder interests can align to commit to tackling AMR. METHODS: Two dimensions affecting political feasibility were selected and compared across 82 countries: 1) states’ global influence and 2) self-interest in addressing AMR. World Bank GDP ranking was used as a proxy for global influence, while human antibiotic consumption (10-year percent change) was used as a proxy for self-interest in addressing AMR. We used these data to outline a typology of four country archetypes, and discuss how these archetypes can be used to understand whether a proposed agreement may have sufficient support to be politically feasible. RESULTS: Four types of countries exist within our proposed typology: 1) wealthy countries who have the expertise and financial resources to push for global collective action on AMR, 2) wealthy countries who need to act on AMR, 3) countries who require external assistance to act on AMR, and 4) neutral countries who may support action where applicable. Any international agreement will require substantial support from countries of the first type to lead global action, and from countries of the second type who have large increasing antimicrobial consumption levels. A large number of barriers exist that could derail efforts towards global collective action on AMR; issues of capacity, infrastructure, regulation, and stakeholder interests will need to be addressed in coordination with other actors to achieve an agreement on AMR. CONCLUSIONS: Achieving a global agreement on access, conservation, and innovation – the three pillars of AMR – will not be easy. However, smaller core groups of interested Initiator and Pivotal Countries could develop policy and resolve many issues. If highly influential countries take the lead, agreements could then be scaled up to achieve global action. ELECTRONIC SUPPLEMENTARY MATERIAL: The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s41256-016-0020-9) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users. BioMed Central 2016-12-13 /pmc/articles/PMC5693542/ /pubmed/29202068 http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s41256-016-0020-9 Text en © The Author(s) 2016 Open AccessThis article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The Creative Commons Public Domain Dedication waiver (http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/) applies to the data made available in this article, unless otherwise stated.
spellingShingle Research
Rogers Van Katwyk, Susan
Danik, Marie Évelyne
Pantis, Ioana
Smith, Rachel
Røttingen, John-Arne
Hoffman, Steven J.
Developing an approach to assessing the political feasibility of global collective action and an international agreement on antimicrobial resistance
title Developing an approach to assessing the political feasibility of global collective action and an international agreement on antimicrobial resistance
title_full Developing an approach to assessing the political feasibility of global collective action and an international agreement on antimicrobial resistance
title_fullStr Developing an approach to assessing the political feasibility of global collective action and an international agreement on antimicrobial resistance
title_full_unstemmed Developing an approach to assessing the political feasibility of global collective action and an international agreement on antimicrobial resistance
title_short Developing an approach to assessing the political feasibility of global collective action and an international agreement on antimicrobial resistance
title_sort developing an approach to assessing the political feasibility of global collective action and an international agreement on antimicrobial resistance
topic Research
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5693542/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29202068
http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s41256-016-0020-9
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