Cargando…
Prevalence and risk of hepatitis E virus infection in the HIV population of Nepal
BACKGROUND: Infection with the hepatitis E virus (HEV) can cause acute hepatitis in endemic areas in immune-competent hosts, as well as chronic infection in immune-compromised subjects in non-endemic areas. Most studies assessing HEV infection in HIV-infected populations have been performed in devel...
Autores principales: | , , , , , , , , , , , , , |
---|---|
Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
Publicado: |
BioMed Central
2017
|
Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5696774/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29162143 http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s12985-017-0899-x |
_version_ | 1783280516681695232 |
---|---|
author | Shrestha, Ananta Adhikari, Anurag Bhattarai, Manjula Rauniyar, Ramanuj Debes, Jose D. Boonstra, André Lama, Thupten K. Al Mahtab, Mamun Butt, Amna Subhan Akbar, Sheikh Mohammad Fazle Aryal, Nirmal Karn, Sapana Manandhar, Krishna Das Gupta, Birendra Prasad |
author_facet | Shrestha, Ananta Adhikari, Anurag Bhattarai, Manjula Rauniyar, Ramanuj Debes, Jose D. Boonstra, André Lama, Thupten K. Al Mahtab, Mamun Butt, Amna Subhan Akbar, Sheikh Mohammad Fazle Aryal, Nirmal Karn, Sapana Manandhar, Krishna Das Gupta, Birendra Prasad |
author_sort | Shrestha, Ananta |
collection | PubMed |
description | BACKGROUND: Infection with the hepatitis E virus (HEV) can cause acute hepatitis in endemic areas in immune-competent hosts, as well as chronic infection in immune-compromised subjects in non-endemic areas. Most studies assessing HEV infection in HIV-infected populations have been performed in developed countries that are usually affected by HEV genotype 3. The objective of this study is to measure the prevalence and risk of acquiring HEV among HIV-infected individuals in Nepal. METHODS: We prospectively evaluated 459 Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV)-positive individuals from Nepal, an endemic country for HEV, for seroprevalence of HEV and assessed risk factors associated with HEV infection. All individuals were on antiretroviral therapy and healthy blood donors were used as controls. RESULTS: We found a high prevalence of HEV IgG (39.4%) and HEV IgM (15.3%) in HIV-positive subjects when compared to healthy HIV-negative controls: 9.5% and 4.4%, respectively (OR: 6.17, 95% CI 4.42–8.61, p < 0.001 and OR: 3.7, 95% CI 2.35–5.92, p < 0.001, respectively). Individuals residing in the Kathmandu area showed a significantly higher HEV IgG seroprevalance compared to individuals residing outside of Kathmandu (76.8% vs 11.1%, OR: 30.33, 95% CI 18.02–51.04, p = 0.001). Mean CD4 counts, HIV viral load and presence of hepatitis B surface antigen correlated with higher HEV IgM rate, while presence of hepatitis C antibody correlated with higher rate of HEV IgG in serum. Overall, individuals with HEV IgM positivity had higher levels of alanine aminotransferase (ALT) than IgM negative subjects, suggesting active acute infection. However, no specific symptoms for hepatitis were identified. CONCLUSIONS: HIV-positive subjects living in Kathmandu are at higher risk of acquiring HEV infection as compared to the general population and to HIV-positive subjects living outside Kathmandu. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-5696774 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2017 |
publisher | BioMed Central |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-56967742017-12-01 Prevalence and risk of hepatitis E virus infection in the HIV population of Nepal Shrestha, Ananta Adhikari, Anurag Bhattarai, Manjula Rauniyar, Ramanuj Debes, Jose D. Boonstra, André Lama, Thupten K. Al Mahtab, Mamun Butt, Amna Subhan Akbar, Sheikh Mohammad Fazle Aryal, Nirmal Karn, Sapana Manandhar, Krishna Das Gupta, Birendra Prasad Virol J Research BACKGROUND: Infection with the hepatitis E virus (HEV) can cause acute hepatitis in endemic areas in immune-competent hosts, as well as chronic infection in immune-compromised subjects in non-endemic areas. Most studies assessing HEV infection in HIV-infected populations have been performed in developed countries that are usually affected by HEV genotype 3. The objective of this study is to measure the prevalence and risk of acquiring HEV among HIV-infected individuals in Nepal. METHODS: We prospectively evaluated 459 Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV)-positive individuals from Nepal, an endemic country for HEV, for seroprevalence of HEV and assessed risk factors associated with HEV infection. All individuals were on antiretroviral therapy and healthy blood donors were used as controls. RESULTS: We found a high prevalence of HEV IgG (39.4%) and HEV IgM (15.3%) in HIV-positive subjects when compared to healthy HIV-negative controls: 9.5% and 4.4%, respectively (OR: 6.17, 95% CI 4.42–8.61, p < 0.001 and OR: 3.7, 95% CI 2.35–5.92, p < 0.001, respectively). Individuals residing in the Kathmandu area showed a significantly higher HEV IgG seroprevalance compared to individuals residing outside of Kathmandu (76.8% vs 11.1%, OR: 30.33, 95% CI 18.02–51.04, p = 0.001). Mean CD4 counts, HIV viral load and presence of hepatitis B surface antigen correlated with higher HEV IgM rate, while presence of hepatitis C antibody correlated with higher rate of HEV IgG in serum. Overall, individuals with HEV IgM positivity had higher levels of alanine aminotransferase (ALT) than IgM negative subjects, suggesting active acute infection. However, no specific symptoms for hepatitis were identified. CONCLUSIONS: HIV-positive subjects living in Kathmandu are at higher risk of acquiring HEV infection as compared to the general population and to HIV-positive subjects living outside Kathmandu. BioMed Central 2017-11-21 /pmc/articles/PMC5696774/ /pubmed/29162143 http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s12985-017-0899-x Text en © The Author(s). 2017 Open AccessThis article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The Creative Commons Public Domain Dedication waiver (http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/) applies to the data made available in this article, unless otherwise stated. |
spellingShingle | Research Shrestha, Ananta Adhikari, Anurag Bhattarai, Manjula Rauniyar, Ramanuj Debes, Jose D. Boonstra, André Lama, Thupten K. Al Mahtab, Mamun Butt, Amna Subhan Akbar, Sheikh Mohammad Fazle Aryal, Nirmal Karn, Sapana Manandhar, Krishna Das Gupta, Birendra Prasad Prevalence and risk of hepatitis E virus infection in the HIV population of Nepal |
title | Prevalence and risk of hepatitis E virus infection in the HIV population of Nepal |
title_full | Prevalence and risk of hepatitis E virus infection in the HIV population of Nepal |
title_fullStr | Prevalence and risk of hepatitis E virus infection in the HIV population of Nepal |
title_full_unstemmed | Prevalence and risk of hepatitis E virus infection in the HIV population of Nepal |
title_short | Prevalence and risk of hepatitis E virus infection in the HIV population of Nepal |
title_sort | prevalence and risk of hepatitis e virus infection in the hiv population of nepal |
topic | Research |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5696774/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29162143 http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s12985-017-0899-x |
work_keys_str_mv | AT shresthaananta prevalenceandriskofhepatitisevirusinfectioninthehivpopulationofnepal AT adhikarianurag prevalenceandriskofhepatitisevirusinfectioninthehivpopulationofnepal AT bhattaraimanjula prevalenceandriskofhepatitisevirusinfectioninthehivpopulationofnepal AT rauniyarramanuj prevalenceandriskofhepatitisevirusinfectioninthehivpopulationofnepal AT debesjosed prevalenceandriskofhepatitisevirusinfectioninthehivpopulationofnepal AT boonstraandre prevalenceandriskofhepatitisevirusinfectioninthehivpopulationofnepal AT lamathuptenk prevalenceandriskofhepatitisevirusinfectioninthehivpopulationofnepal AT almahtabmamun prevalenceandriskofhepatitisevirusinfectioninthehivpopulationofnepal AT buttamnasubhan prevalenceandriskofhepatitisevirusinfectioninthehivpopulationofnepal AT akbarsheikhmohammadfazle prevalenceandriskofhepatitisevirusinfectioninthehivpopulationofnepal AT aryalnirmal prevalenceandriskofhepatitisevirusinfectioninthehivpopulationofnepal AT karnsapana prevalenceandriskofhepatitisevirusinfectioninthehivpopulationofnepal AT manandharkrishnadas prevalenceandriskofhepatitisevirusinfectioninthehivpopulationofnepal AT guptabirendraprasad prevalenceandriskofhepatitisevirusinfectioninthehivpopulationofnepal |