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Clinical significance of cigarette smoking and dust exposure in pulmonary alveolar proteinosis: a Korean national survey

BACKGROUND: This study aimed to investigate clinical characteristics of Korean PAP patients and to examine the potential risk factors of PAP. METHODS: We retrospectively reviewed medical records of 78 Korean PAP patients diagnosed between 1993 and 2014. Patients were classified into two groups accor...

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Detalles Bibliográficos
Autores principales: Hwang, Ji An, Song, Joo Han, Kim, Jung Hoon, Chung, Man Pyo, Kim, Dong Soon, Song, Jin Woo, Kim, Young Whan, Choi, Sun Mi, Cha, Seung Ick, Uh, Soo Taek, Park, Choon-Sik, Jeong, Sung Hwan, Park, Yong Bum, Lee, Hong Lyeol, Shin, Jong Wook, Lee, Eun Joo, Jegal, Yangjin, Lee, Hyun Kyung, Park, Jong Sun, Park, Moo Suk
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: BioMed Central 2017
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5697136/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29162083
http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s12890-017-0493-4
Descripción
Sumario:BACKGROUND: This study aimed to investigate clinical characteristics of Korean PAP patients and to examine the potential risk factors of PAP. METHODS: We retrospectively reviewed medical records of 78 Korean PAP patients diagnosed between 1993 and 2014. Patients were classified into two groups according to the presence/absence of treatment (lavage). Clinical and laboratory features were compared between the two groups. RESULTS: Of the total 78 PAP patients, 60% were male and median age at diagnosis was 47.5 years. Fifty three percent were ever smokers (median 22 pack-years) and 48% had a history of dust exposure (metal 26.5%, stone or sand 20.6%, chemical or paint 17.7%, farming dust 14.7%, diesel 14.7%, textile 2.9%, and wood 2.9%). A history of cigarette smoking or dust exposure was present in 70.5% of the total PAP patients, with 23% having both of them. Patients who underwent lavage (n = 38) presented symptoms more frequently (38/38 [100%] vs. 24/40 [60%], P < 0.001) and had significantly lower PaO(2) and DL(CO) with higher D(A-a)O(2) at the onset of disease than those without lavage (n = 40) (P = 0.006, P < 0.001, and P = 0.036, respectively). Correspondingly, the distribution of disease severity score (DSS) differed significantly between the two groups (P = 0.001). Based on these, when the total patients were categorized according to DSS (low DSS [DSS 1–2] vs. high DSS [DSS 3–5]), smoking status differed significantly between the two groups with the proportion of current smokers significantly higher in the high DSS group (11/22 [50%] vs. 7/39 [17.9%], P = 0.008). Furthermore, current smokers had meaningfully higher DSS and serum CEA levels than non-current smokers (P = 0.011 and P = 0.031), whereas no difference was found between smokers and non-smokers. Regarding type of exposed dust, farming dust was significantly associated with more severe form of PAP (P = 0.004). CONCLUSION: A considerable proportion of PAP patients had a history of cigarette smoking and/or dust exposure, suggestive of their possible roles in the development of PAP. Active cigarette smoking at the onset of PAP is associated with the severity of PAP.