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Transcriptome sequencing and analysis of zinc-uptake-related genes in Trichophyton mentagrophytes
BACKGROUND: Trichophyton mentagrophytes is an important zoonotic dermatophytic (ringworm) pathogen; causing severe skin infection in humans and other animals worldwide. Fortunately, commonly used fungal skin disease prevention and treatment measures are relatively simple. However, T. mentagrophytes...
Autores principales: | , , , , , , |
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
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BioMed Central
2017
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Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5697147/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29157209 http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s12864-017-4284-3 |
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author | Zhang, Xinke Dai, Pengxiu Gao, Yongping Gong, Xiaowen Cui, Hao Jin, Yipeng Zhang, Yihua |
author_facet | Zhang, Xinke Dai, Pengxiu Gao, Yongping Gong, Xiaowen Cui, Hao Jin, Yipeng Zhang, Yihua |
author_sort | Zhang, Xinke |
collection | PubMed |
description | BACKGROUND: Trichophyton mentagrophytes is an important zoonotic dermatophytic (ringworm) pathogen; causing severe skin infection in humans and other animals worldwide. Fortunately, commonly used fungal skin disease prevention and treatment measures are relatively simple. However, T. mentagrophytes is primarily studied at the epidemiology and drug efficacy research levels, yet current study has been unable to meet the needs of clinical medicine. Zinc is a crucial trace element for the growth and reproduction of fungi and other microorganisms. The metal ions coordinate within a variety of proteins to form zinc finger proteins, which perform many vital biological functions. Zinc transport regulatory networks have not been resolved in T. mentagrophytes. The T. mentagrophytes transcriptome will allow us to discover new genes, particularly those genes involved in zinc uptake. RESULT: We found T. mentagrophytes growth to be restricted by zinc deficiency; natural T. mentagrophytes growth requires zinc ions. T. Mentagrophytes must acquire zinc ions for growth and development. The transcriptome of T. mentagrophytes was sequenced by using Illumina HiSeq™ 2000 technology and the de novo assembly of the transcriptome was performed by using the Trinity method, and functional annotation was analyzed. We got 10,751 unigenes. The growth of T. mentagrophytes is severely inhibited and there were many genes showing significant up regulation and down regulation respectively in T. mentagrophytes when zinc deficiency. Zinc deficiency can affect the expression of multiple genes of T. mentagrophytes. The effect of the zinc deficiency could be recovered in the normal medium. And we finally found the zinc-responsive activating factor (ZafA) and speculated that 4 unigenes are zinc transporters. We knocked ZafA gene by ATMT transformation in T. mentagrophytes, the result showed that ZafA gene is very important for the growth and the generation of conidia in T. mentagrophytes. The expression of 4 zinc transporter genes is potentially regulated by the zinc-responsive activating factor. The data of this study is also sufficient to be used as a support to study T. mentagrophytes. CONCLUSION: We reported the first large transcriptome study carried out in T. mentagrophytes where we have compared physiological and transcriptional responses to zinc deficiency, and analyzed the expression of genes involved in zinc uptake. The study also produced high-resolution digital profiles of global genes expression relating to T. mentagrophytes growth. ELECTRONIC SUPPLEMENTARY MATERIAL: The online version of this article (10.1186/s12864-017-4284-3) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-5697147 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2017 |
publisher | BioMed Central |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-56971472017-12-01 Transcriptome sequencing and analysis of zinc-uptake-related genes in Trichophyton mentagrophytes Zhang, Xinke Dai, Pengxiu Gao, Yongping Gong, Xiaowen Cui, Hao Jin, Yipeng Zhang, Yihua BMC Genomics Research Article BACKGROUND: Trichophyton mentagrophytes is an important zoonotic dermatophytic (ringworm) pathogen; causing severe skin infection in humans and other animals worldwide. Fortunately, commonly used fungal skin disease prevention and treatment measures are relatively simple. However, T. mentagrophytes is primarily studied at the epidemiology and drug efficacy research levels, yet current study has been unable to meet the needs of clinical medicine. Zinc is a crucial trace element for the growth and reproduction of fungi and other microorganisms. The metal ions coordinate within a variety of proteins to form zinc finger proteins, which perform many vital biological functions. Zinc transport regulatory networks have not been resolved in T. mentagrophytes. The T. mentagrophytes transcriptome will allow us to discover new genes, particularly those genes involved in zinc uptake. RESULT: We found T. mentagrophytes growth to be restricted by zinc deficiency; natural T. mentagrophytes growth requires zinc ions. T. Mentagrophytes must acquire zinc ions for growth and development. The transcriptome of T. mentagrophytes was sequenced by using Illumina HiSeq™ 2000 technology and the de novo assembly of the transcriptome was performed by using the Trinity method, and functional annotation was analyzed. We got 10,751 unigenes. The growth of T. mentagrophytes is severely inhibited and there were many genes showing significant up regulation and down regulation respectively in T. mentagrophytes when zinc deficiency. Zinc deficiency can affect the expression of multiple genes of T. mentagrophytes. The effect of the zinc deficiency could be recovered in the normal medium. And we finally found the zinc-responsive activating factor (ZafA) and speculated that 4 unigenes are zinc transporters. We knocked ZafA gene by ATMT transformation in T. mentagrophytes, the result showed that ZafA gene is very important for the growth and the generation of conidia in T. mentagrophytes. The expression of 4 zinc transporter genes is potentially regulated by the zinc-responsive activating factor. The data of this study is also sufficient to be used as a support to study T. mentagrophytes. CONCLUSION: We reported the first large transcriptome study carried out in T. mentagrophytes where we have compared physiological and transcriptional responses to zinc deficiency, and analyzed the expression of genes involved in zinc uptake. The study also produced high-resolution digital profiles of global genes expression relating to T. mentagrophytes growth. ELECTRONIC SUPPLEMENTARY MATERIAL: The online version of this article (10.1186/s12864-017-4284-3) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users. BioMed Central 2017-11-21 /pmc/articles/PMC5697147/ /pubmed/29157209 http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s12864-017-4284-3 Text en © The Author(s). 2017 Open AccessThis article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The Creative Commons Public Domain Dedication waiver (http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/) applies to the data made available in this article, unless otherwise stated. |
spellingShingle | Research Article Zhang, Xinke Dai, Pengxiu Gao, Yongping Gong, Xiaowen Cui, Hao Jin, Yipeng Zhang, Yihua Transcriptome sequencing and analysis of zinc-uptake-related genes in Trichophyton mentagrophytes |
title | Transcriptome sequencing and analysis of zinc-uptake-related genes in Trichophyton mentagrophytes |
title_full | Transcriptome sequencing and analysis of zinc-uptake-related genes in Trichophyton mentagrophytes |
title_fullStr | Transcriptome sequencing and analysis of zinc-uptake-related genes in Trichophyton mentagrophytes |
title_full_unstemmed | Transcriptome sequencing and analysis of zinc-uptake-related genes in Trichophyton mentagrophytes |
title_short | Transcriptome sequencing and analysis of zinc-uptake-related genes in Trichophyton mentagrophytes |
title_sort | transcriptome sequencing and analysis of zinc-uptake-related genes in trichophyton mentagrophytes |
topic | Research Article |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5697147/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29157209 http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s12864-017-4284-3 |
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