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Predictors and pathways of language and motor development in four prospective cohorts of young children in Ghana, Malawi, and Burkina Faso
BACKGROUND: Previous reviews have identified 44 risk factors for poor early child development (ECD) in low‐ and middle‐income countries. Further understanding of their relative influence and pathways is needed to inform the design of interventions targeting ECD. METHODS: We conducted path analyses o...
Autores principales: | , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , |
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
Publicado: |
John Wiley and Sons Inc.
2017
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Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5697619/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28543426 http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/jcpp.12751 |
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author | Prado, Elizabeth L. Abbeddou, Souheila Adu‐Afarwuah, Seth Arimond, Mary Ashorn, Per Ashorn, Ulla Bendabenda, Jaden Brown, Kenneth H. Hess, Sonja Y. Kortekangas, Emma Lartey, Anna Maleta, Kenneth Oaks, Brietta M. Ocansey, Eugenia Okronipa, Harriet Ouédraogo, Jean Bosco Pulakka, Anna Somé, Jérôme W. Stewart, Christine P. Stewart, Robert C. Vosti, Stephen A. Yakes Jimenez, Elizabeth Dewey, Kathryn G. |
author_facet | Prado, Elizabeth L. Abbeddou, Souheila Adu‐Afarwuah, Seth Arimond, Mary Ashorn, Per Ashorn, Ulla Bendabenda, Jaden Brown, Kenneth H. Hess, Sonja Y. Kortekangas, Emma Lartey, Anna Maleta, Kenneth Oaks, Brietta M. Ocansey, Eugenia Okronipa, Harriet Ouédraogo, Jean Bosco Pulakka, Anna Somé, Jérôme W. Stewart, Christine P. Stewart, Robert C. Vosti, Stephen A. Yakes Jimenez, Elizabeth Dewey, Kathryn G. |
author_sort | Prado, Elizabeth L. |
collection | PubMed |
description | BACKGROUND: Previous reviews have identified 44 risk factors for poor early child development (ECD) in low‐ and middle‐income countries. Further understanding of their relative influence and pathways is needed to inform the design of interventions targeting ECD. METHODS: We conducted path analyses of factors associated with 18‐month language and motor development in four prospective cohorts of children who participated in trials conducted as part of the International Lipid‐Based Nutrient Supplements (iLiNS) Project in Ghana (n = 1,023), Malawi (n = 675 and 1,385), and Burkina Faso (n = 1,122). In two cohorts, women were enrolled during pregnancy. In two cohorts, infants were enrolled at 6 or 9 months. In multiple linear regression and structural equation models (SEM), we examined 22 out of 44 factors identified in previous reviews, plus 12 additional factors expected to be associated with ECD. RESULTS: Out of 42 indicators of the 34 factors examined, 6 were associated with 18‐month language and/or motor development in 3 or 4 cohorts: child linear and ponderal growth, variety of play materials, activities with caregivers, dietary diversity, and child hemoglobin/iron status. Factors that were not associated with child development were indicators of maternal Hb/iron status, maternal illness and inflammation during pregnancy, maternal perceived stress and depression, exclusive breastfeeding during 6 months postpartum, and child diarrhea, fever, malaria, and acute respiratory infections. Associations between socioeconomic status and language development were consistently mediated to a greater extent by caregiving practices than by maternal or child biomedical conditions, while this pattern for motor development was not consistent across cohorts. CONCLUSIONS: Key elements of interventions to ensure quality ECD are likely to be promotion of caregiver activities with children, a variety of play materials, and a diverse diet, and prevention of faltering in linear and ponderal growth and improvement in child hemoglobin/iron status. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-5697619 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2017 |
publisher | John Wiley and Sons Inc. |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-56976192017-11-28 Predictors and pathways of language and motor development in four prospective cohorts of young children in Ghana, Malawi, and Burkina Faso Prado, Elizabeth L. Abbeddou, Souheila Adu‐Afarwuah, Seth Arimond, Mary Ashorn, Per Ashorn, Ulla Bendabenda, Jaden Brown, Kenneth H. Hess, Sonja Y. Kortekangas, Emma Lartey, Anna Maleta, Kenneth Oaks, Brietta M. Ocansey, Eugenia Okronipa, Harriet Ouédraogo, Jean Bosco Pulakka, Anna Somé, Jérôme W. Stewart, Christine P. Stewart, Robert C. Vosti, Stephen A. Yakes Jimenez, Elizabeth Dewey, Kathryn G. J Child Psychol Psychiatry Original Articles BACKGROUND: Previous reviews have identified 44 risk factors for poor early child development (ECD) in low‐ and middle‐income countries. Further understanding of their relative influence and pathways is needed to inform the design of interventions targeting ECD. METHODS: We conducted path analyses of factors associated with 18‐month language and motor development in four prospective cohorts of children who participated in trials conducted as part of the International Lipid‐Based Nutrient Supplements (iLiNS) Project in Ghana (n = 1,023), Malawi (n = 675 and 1,385), and Burkina Faso (n = 1,122). In two cohorts, women were enrolled during pregnancy. In two cohorts, infants were enrolled at 6 or 9 months. In multiple linear regression and structural equation models (SEM), we examined 22 out of 44 factors identified in previous reviews, plus 12 additional factors expected to be associated with ECD. RESULTS: Out of 42 indicators of the 34 factors examined, 6 were associated with 18‐month language and/or motor development in 3 or 4 cohorts: child linear and ponderal growth, variety of play materials, activities with caregivers, dietary diversity, and child hemoglobin/iron status. Factors that were not associated with child development were indicators of maternal Hb/iron status, maternal illness and inflammation during pregnancy, maternal perceived stress and depression, exclusive breastfeeding during 6 months postpartum, and child diarrhea, fever, malaria, and acute respiratory infections. Associations between socioeconomic status and language development were consistently mediated to a greater extent by caregiving practices than by maternal or child biomedical conditions, while this pattern for motor development was not consistent across cohorts. CONCLUSIONS: Key elements of interventions to ensure quality ECD are likely to be promotion of caregiver activities with children, a variety of play materials, and a diverse diet, and prevention of faltering in linear and ponderal growth and improvement in child hemoglobin/iron status. John Wiley and Sons Inc. 2017-05-23 2017-11 /pmc/articles/PMC5697619/ /pubmed/28543426 http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/jcpp.12751 Text en © 2017 The Authors. Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of Association for Child and Adolescent Mental Health. This is an open access article under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/) License, which permits use, distribution and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. |
spellingShingle | Original Articles Prado, Elizabeth L. Abbeddou, Souheila Adu‐Afarwuah, Seth Arimond, Mary Ashorn, Per Ashorn, Ulla Bendabenda, Jaden Brown, Kenneth H. Hess, Sonja Y. Kortekangas, Emma Lartey, Anna Maleta, Kenneth Oaks, Brietta M. Ocansey, Eugenia Okronipa, Harriet Ouédraogo, Jean Bosco Pulakka, Anna Somé, Jérôme W. Stewart, Christine P. Stewart, Robert C. Vosti, Stephen A. Yakes Jimenez, Elizabeth Dewey, Kathryn G. Predictors and pathways of language and motor development in four prospective cohorts of young children in Ghana, Malawi, and Burkina Faso |
title | Predictors and pathways of language and motor development in four prospective cohorts of young children in Ghana, Malawi, and Burkina Faso |
title_full | Predictors and pathways of language and motor development in four prospective cohorts of young children in Ghana, Malawi, and Burkina Faso |
title_fullStr | Predictors and pathways of language and motor development in four prospective cohorts of young children in Ghana, Malawi, and Burkina Faso |
title_full_unstemmed | Predictors and pathways of language and motor development in four prospective cohorts of young children in Ghana, Malawi, and Burkina Faso |
title_short | Predictors and pathways of language and motor development in four prospective cohorts of young children in Ghana, Malawi, and Burkina Faso |
title_sort | predictors and pathways of language and motor development in four prospective cohorts of young children in ghana, malawi, and burkina faso |
topic | Original Articles |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5697619/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28543426 http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/jcpp.12751 |
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